Foreword

The world has been confronted by multiple challenges in recent years. From the devastating health and economic consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to the growing impact of climate change, these crises have risen alongside longstanding global concerns, such as alleviating poverty and fostering sustainable development. International trade has a pivotal role to play in addressing these pressing issues. However, the trading of certain products can entail risks, necessitating the need for measures such as export licences and restrictions in certain circumstances to manage these risks.