India
Trade Policy Review: India 2011
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member’s major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of India.
Trade Policy Review: India 2015
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of India.
Trade Policy Review: India 2021
“Trade Policy Reviews" analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - "key trade facts" - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of India.
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Patents: An Indian perspective
In this chapter I share my recollections as a representative of India from 1989–90 in the TRIPS negotiations focusing on India’s defensive interests with respect to the patent provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. I also include some relevant background information as well as some recollections of my interaction with other parties to the TRIPS negotiations.
Trade Reform, Managers, and Skill Intensity: Evidence from India
International trade economists have long been interested in understanding the distributional implications of globalization or trade liberalization or product market competition. One of the crucial aspects of such distributional effects which have received a lot of attention especially from the 1990s onward is how such forces divide the labor pie into skilled (or nonproduction) and unskilled (or production) workers. In other words does an increase in trade participation or exposure to international markets result in an increase in returns for skilled or less skilled workers?
Domestic regulations and India’s trade in health services: A study of hospital and telemedicine services
Estimated at US$36 billion and employing over four million people the Indian health care sector is one of the largest service sectors in the economy today. With a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15 per cent the Indian health care sector is expected to reach US$280 billion by 2020. A 2003 report titled India’s New Opportunity: 2020 prepared jointly by the All India Management Association Boston Consulting Group and the Confederation of Indian Industries predicts that over 40 million new jobs and US$200 billion increased revenues are expected to be generated by the Indian services sector by 2020 and the health care sector will play an important role in generating these jobs and revenues (AIMA/BCG 2003). Hence this sector is predicted to grow rapidly and is seen to have considerable potential due to the growing demand for health care services in India. The reasons are many including rising incomes a growing propensity to spend on health care an emergence of lifestyle-related diseases and demographics.
Services liberalization in PTAs and the WTO: The experiences of India and Singapore
The services sector plays a crucial role in the economic growth and development of both India and Singapore. The two countries have liberalized unilaterally and developed global competitiveness in selected services and now they are major exporters. Consequently they not only have an aggressive interest in the multilateral liberalization of trade in services but also perceive this sector as an integral part of their preferential trade agreements.
Higher Education Response to India’s IT Boom: Did State Governments Play a Role?
The contribution of information technology (IT) to India’s GDP increased from 1.2 per cent in 1997 to 9.3 per cent in 2015. A notable characteristic of this phenomenon is that the majority of the growth in this sector is driven by exports. Currently more than 80 per cent of IT output is exported. This sector is thus very vulnerable to demand shocks in the world economy. Also unlike the export of most goods the export of IT services relies exclusively on the Internet the expansion of which in the 1990s is a relatively recent phenomenon. The combination of worldwide rapid Internet growth along with rising demand for computing skills created an unprecedented demand for Indian IT services: from 1998 IT exports and employment doubled in a span of just two years.
The Impact of Tariff Liberalization on the Labor Share in India’s Manufacturing Industry
India opened its domestic market to international trade in the early 1990s. The decision had profound implications on the development trajectory of the country. Trade opening allowed the country’s firms to source inputs more cheaply and increase their competitiveness. At the same time it meant that firms in India were exposed to increased competition from abroad while consumers enjoyed lower prices for final goods. While the trade opening helped boost economic growth it required an adjustment of capital and labor within and across sectors.
Copyright: An Indian perspective
My unexpected participation in the TRIPS negotiations as my country’s sole negotiator on copyright remains one of the unforgettable experiences of a 38-year civil service career.
United States - Measure Affecting Imports of Woven Wool Shirts and Blouses from India
On 30 December 1994 India requested consultations with the United States concerning the transitional safeguard measure imposed by the United States. India claimed that the safeguard measure is inconsistent with Articles 2 6 and 8 of the ATC.
Inde - Protection conferee par un brevet pour les produits pharmaceutiques et les produits chimiques pour l’agriculture
Le 19 décembre 1997 l’Organe d’appel a publié son rapport sur l’affaire “Inde - Protection conferee par un brevet pour les produits pharmaceutiques et les produits chimiques pour l’agriculture”.
India - Additional and Extra-Additional Duties on Imports from the United States
On 6 March 2007 the United States requested consultations with India with respect to “additional duties” or “extra additional duties” that India applies to imports from the United States which include (but are not limited to) wines and distilled products (HS2204 2205 2206 and 2208.
Estados Unidos - Normas de origen aplicables a los textiles y las prendas de vestir
El 20 de junio de 2003 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Normas de origen aplicables a los textiles y las prendas de vestir”.
India - Measures Affecting the Automotive Sector
On 6 October 1998 the EC requested consultations with India concerning certain measures affecting the automotive sector being applied by India. The EC stated that the measures include the documents entitled “Export and Import Policy 1997-2002” “ITC (HS Classification) Export and Import Policy 1997-2002” (“Classification”) and “Public Notice No. 60 (PN/97-02) of 12 December 1997 Export and Import Policy April 1997-March 2002” and any other legislative or administrative provision implemented or consolidated by these policies as well as MoUs signed by the Indian Government with certain manufacturers of automobiles. The EC contended that: under these measures imports of complete automobiles and of certain parts and components were subject to a system of non-automatic import licenses. in accordance with Public Notice No. 60 import licenses might be granted only to local joint venture manufacturers that had signed an MoU with the Indian Government whereby they undertook inter alia to comply with certain local content and export balancing requirements. The EC alleged violations of Articles III and XI of GATT 1994 and Article 2 of the TRIMs Agreement.
India - Derechos adicionales y derechos adicionales suplementarios sobre las importaciones procedentes de los Estados Unidos
El 09 de junio de 2008 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “India - Derechos adicionales y derechos adicionales suplementarios sobre las importaciones procedentes de los Estados Unidos”.
Estados Unidos - Medidas antidumping y compensatorias sobre determinado papel estucado o cuché procedente de Indonesia
El 06 de diciembre de 2017 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas antidumping y compensatorias sobre determinado papel estucado o cuché procedente de Indonesia”.
Communautés européennes - Droits antidumping sur les importations de linge de lit en coton en provenance de l’Inde - Recours 1
Le 08 avril 2003 l’Organe d’appel a publié son rapport sur l’affaire “Communautés européennes - Droits antidumping sur les importations de linge de lit en coton en provenance de l’Inde - Recours”.
Union européenne - Mesures affectant les concessions tarifaires concernant certains produits à base de viande de volaille
Le 28 mars 2017 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans le cadre de la procédure engagée par la Chine au sujet de l’affaire “Union européenne — Mesures affectant les concessions tarifaires concernant certains produits à base de viande de volaille”.
Inde - Protection conférée par un brevet pour les produits pharmaceutiques et les produits chimiques pour l’agriculture
Le 05 septembre 1997 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Inde - Protection conférée par un brevet pour les produits pharmaceutiques et les produits chimiques pour l’agriculture”.
Estados Unidos - Medidas compensatorias sobre determinados productos planos de acero al carbono laminado en caliente procedentes de la India - Recurso 1
El 15 de noviembre de 2019 la OMC distribuyó el informe del Grupo Especial sobre el cumplimiento encargado de examinar el asunto “Estados Unidos - Medidas compensatorias sobre determinados productos planos de acero al carbono laminado en caliente procedentes de la India (DS436) planteado por la India.
United States - Countervailing Measures on Certain Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Products from India
On 12 April 2012 India requested consultations with the United States with regard to the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on certain hot rolled carbon steel flat products from India (“subject goods”).
European Union - Cost Adjustment Methodologies and Certain Anti-Dumping Measures on Imports from Russia - (Second complaint)
On 24 July 2020 the WTO circulated the dispute panel report in the case brought by the Russian Federation in “European Union - Cost Adjustment Methodologies and Certain Anti-Dumping Measures on Imports from Russia - Second complaint)” (DS494).
Estados Unidos - Aplicación de medidas antidumping y compensatorias a las chapas de acero procedentes de la India
El 28 de junio de 2002 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Aplicación de medidas antidumping y compensatorias a las chapas de acero procedentes de la India”.
Inde - Mesures liées aux exportations
Le 31 octobre 2019 l’OMC a distribué le rapport du Groupe spécial chargé d’examiner l’affaire introduite par les États-Unis “Inde — Mesures liées aux exportations” (DS541).
Tailandia - Medidas aduaneras y fiscales sobre los cigarrillos procedentes de Filipinas - Recurso 2
El 12 de julio de 2019 la OMC distribuyó el informe del Grupo Especial sobre el cumplimiento relativo al asunto planteado por Filipinas: “Tailandia — Medidas aduaneras y fiscales sobre los cigarrillos procedentes de Filipinas — Segundo recurso de Filipinas al párrafo 5 del artículo 21 del ESD” (DS371).
India - Derechos adicionales y derechos adicionales suplementarios sobre las importaciones procedentes de los Estados Unidos
El 30 de octubre de 2008 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “India - Derechos adicionales y derechos adicionales suplementarios sobre las importaciones procedentes de los Estados Unidos”.
United States - Countervailing Measures on Certain Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Products from India
On 12 April 2012 India requested consultations with the United States with regard to the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on certain hot rolled carbon steel flat products from India (“subject goods”).
Thailand - Customs and fiscal measures on cigarettes from the Philippines - Recourse 2
On 12 July 2019 the WTO circulated the panel report in the compliance case initiated by the Philippines in “Thailand — Customs and Fiscal Measures on Cigarettes from the Philippines — Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the Philippines” (DS371).
Estados Unidos - Medidas compensatorias sobre determinados productos planos de acero al carbono laminado en caliente procedentes de la India
El 14 de julio de 2014 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas compensatorias sobre determinados productos planos de acero al carbono laminado en caliente procedentes de la India”.
India - Determinadas medidas sobre las importaciones de productos de hierro y acero
El 6 de noviembre la OMC distribuyó el informe del Grupo Especial encargado de examinar el asunto “India — Determinadas medidas sobre las importaciones de productos de hierro y acero” (DS518) planteado por el Japón.
India - Restricciones cuantitativas a las importaciones de productos agrícolas, textiles e industriales
El 23 de agosto de 1999 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “India - Restricciones cuantitativas a las importaciones de productos agrícolas textiles e industriales”.
India - Protección mediante patente de los productos farmacéuticos y los productos químicos para la agricultura
El 19 de diciembre de 1997 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “India - Protección mediante patente de los productos farmacéuticos y los productos químicos para la agricultura”.
United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products - Recourse 1
On 8 October 1996 India Malaysia Pakistan and Thailand requested consultations with the United States concerning a ban on importation of shrimp and shrimp products from these complainants imposed by the US under Section 609 of US Public Law 101-162. Violations of Articles I XI and XIII of the GATT 1994 as well nullification and impairment of benefits were alleged.
Comunidades Europeas - Derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones de ropa de cama de algodón originarias de la India
El 30 de octubre de 2000 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Communidades Europeas - Derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones de ropa de cama de algodón originarias de la India”.
India - Export Related Measures
On 31 October 2019 the WTO circulated the panel report in the case brought by the United States in “India — Export Related Measures” (DS541).
United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products - Recourse 1
On 8 October 1996 India Malaysia Pakistan and Thailand requested consultations with the United States concerning a ban on importation of shrimp and shrimp products from these complainants imposed by the US under Section 609 of US Public Law 101-162. Violations of Articles I XI and XIII of the GATT 1994 as well nullification and impairment of benefits were alleged.
Inde - Droits additionnels et droits additionnels supplémentaires sur les importations en provenance des États-Unis
L’OMC a publié le 9 juin 2017 le rapport du Groupe spécial qui avait examiné une plainte des Etats-Unis dans l’affaire “Inde — Droits additionnels et droits additionnels supplémentaires sur les importations en provenance des Etats-Unis” (DS360).