Economic research and trade policy analysis
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Foreword by the WTO Director-General
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming the world economy, reshaping how work is defined, how value is created, and how opportunities are distributed across societies. Given these far-reaching effects, AI is also transforming world trade.
How domestic policies can shape the trade and AI relationship to favour inclusive economic growth
Trade policies are a necessary part of any relationship between trade and AI that results in inclusive economic growth.
Disclaimer
We also thank the following individuals from outside the WTO Secretariat for their useful comments during the initial drafting stage of the report: Ashutosh Chadha (Microsoft), Marcio Cruz (International Finance Corporation), Edelbert Häfele and Judit Inacsovszky (PATEV Associates GmbH), James Howe (International Trade Centre), Carsten Fink (World Intellectual Property Organization), Greg LaRocca and Mary Thornton (Semiconductor Industry Association), Kristina McElheran, Ruiqi Sun and Daniel Trefler (University of Toronto), Ana Carolina da Motta (Amazon Web Services), Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås (Council on Economic Policies and Örebro University), Ana Maria Santacreu (Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis), Ina Simonovska (University of California, Davis), Toh Si Tong (Infocomm Media Development Authority, Singapore) and Yoto V. Yotov (Drexel University).
AI, trade and inclusive growth: opportunities and challenges
This chapter provides a detailed economic analysis of the transformative potential of AI, focusing on its impact on trade and inclusive growth.
WTO AI Trade Policy Openness Index (AI-TPOI): methodology
Executive summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to reshape the global economy.
International cooperation to make trade and AI work for all
As trade shapes the development and deployment of AI, and AI could, in turn, reshape global trade, stronger international trade cooperation, both at the WTO and with other international organizations, is important to ensure that AI is beneficial and that the benefits of AI are more widely shared.
How domestic policies can shape the trade and AI relationship to favour inclusive economic growth
Trade policies are a necessary part of any relationship between trade and AI that results in inclusive economic growth.
Foreword by the WTO Director-General
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming the world economy, reshaping how work is defined, how value is created, and how opportunities are distributed across societies. Given these far-reaching effects, AI is also transforming world trade.
Acknowledgements
The World Trade Report 2025 was prepared under the general responsibility and guidance of Johanna Hill, WTO Deputy Director-General, and Ralph Ossa, Chief Economist and Director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division. Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Senior Advisor to the Director-General Uyama Tomochika, and Trineesh Biswas from the Office of the Director-General provided valuable advice and guidance.
Introduction
The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) have accelerated in the last few years, and its applications hold the potential to revolutionize human society and economic activities.
D: WTO AI Trade Policy Openness Index (AI-TPOI): methodology
AI, trade and inclusive growth: opportunities and challenges
This chapter provides a detailed economic analysis of the transformative potential of AI, focusing on its impact on trade and inclusive growth.
International cooperation to make trade and AI work for all
As trade shapes the development and deployment of AI, and AI could, in turn, reshape global trade, stronger international trade cooperation, both at the WTO and with other international organizations, is important to ensure that AI is beneficial and that the benefits of AI are more widely shared.
Executive summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to reshape the global economy.