Trade monitoring
Trade Policy Review: Moldova, Republic of, 2022
“Trade Policy Reviews" analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - "key trade facts" - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Moldova.
Trade Policy Review: New Zealand 2022
“Trade Policy Reviews" analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - "key trade facts" - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of New Zealand.
Report by New Zealand
Aotearoa New Zealand is pleased to submit its sixth Trade Policy Review (TPR) for the scrutiny of fellow World Trade Organization (WTO) Members.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of Ghana, 21 and 23 June 2022.
The fifth Trade Policy Review of Ghana has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our understanding of the main developments in and challenges to Ghana’s trade economic and investment policies since its previous TPR in 2014.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Report by the Republic of Moldova
The Republic of Moldova submits this general policy statement as part of its second Trade Policy Review.
Report by Ghana
Ghana is located on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa with a population of approximately 31 million people growing at an annual rate of 2.1%. Ghana has a total land surface area of 238540 square kilometres and lies on the Atlantic with 540 kilometres coastline.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr. Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of New Zealand, 1 and 3 June 2022.
The sixth Trade Policy Review of New Zealand has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our understanding of recent developments in and challenges to its trade economic and investment policies since its fifth TPR in 2015. I would like to thank the New Zealand delegation led by H.E. Ambassador Clare Kelly Permanent Representative of New Zealand to the WTO for the active participation in this exercise. My gratitude also goes to our discussant H.E. Ambassador Stephen de Boer Permanent Representative of Canada for his insightful comments and to the 41 delegations that took the floor during this meeting. The strong interest in New Zealand’s trade policies is also evident from the 442 advance written questions 268 sent before the meeting.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr. Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of the Republic of Moldova, 20 and 22 July 2022.
The second Trade Policy Review of the Republic of Moldova has provided us with a good opportunity to better understand and discuss the developments of trade and trade-related policies of the Republic of Moldova since its previous Review in 2015. The Review has benefited from the constructive and informative participation of the delegation of the Republic of Moldova headed by H.E. Mr Vadim Gumene State Secretary of the Ministry of Economy the insightful comments of the discussant H.E. Ambassador Mrs Pimchanok Pitfield Permanent Representative of Thailand to the WTO and the comments made and issues raised by the 17 delegations that took the floor during this meeting. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank the delegations that prepared advance written questions.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of Barbados, 25 and 27 October 2022.
This fourth Trade Policy Review of Barbados has provided us with an excellent opportunity to better understand the trade and related policies of Barbados since its last Review in 2015 and acknowledge the challenges it faces. The Review has benefited from the constructive and informative participation of Barbados’ delegation headed by the Honourable Ms Cheryl Sandra V. Husbands Minister of State in Foreign Trade and Business Development within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade from the insightful comments of the discussant H.E. Ambassador Dr Asim Ahmed Permanent Representative of Maldives to the WTO and from the 23 delegations that took the floor during this meeting.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Ghana is a natural resource-based economy. Its strong democratic institutions and good governance have contributed to attracting investment. The resultant economic growth has improved the per capita income of its 31 million people to approximately USD 2200 in 2020 against USD 2000 at the time of the last Review in 2014. The World Bank ranks Ghana as a lower middle-income country.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
During the review period 2015-21 New Zealand continued to strengthen its position as one of the most open economies in the world and updated some elements of its trade and investment regime. New Zealand considers trade as critical for its prosperity and seeks to ensure that trade is inclusive.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Republic of Moldova is a small open landlocked upper-middle-income country. The services sector dominates the economy accounting for 64% of GDP while agriculture continues to play an important role as well (accounting for 12% of GDP and around 21% of employment) particularly in rural areas. Remittances represented nearly 15% of GDP in 2021 and the population has continued to decline as relatively young workers emigrate. The Republic of Moldova is dependent on imports of fossil fuels (including gas which is also used to generate electricity) while state-owned enterprises continue to play an important role in the economy particularly in terms of employment.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Barbados is a relatively small and open economy with a GDP per capita of some USD 14619 in 2020. Barbados is highly dependent on imports of goods and on exports of services particularly tourism and was thus strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020 real GDP declined by 14% and grew by 0.7% in 2021. This came after a period of already weak economic performance: real GDP declined in four of the years of the review period. Limited economic diversification strong reliance on imported consumer and investment goods and persistent fiscal deficits left Barbados vulnerable to exogenous shocks even before the outbreak of COVID-19.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of Brazil, 23 and 25 November 2022.
The eighth Trade Policy Review of Brazil has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our understanding of recent developments in and challenges to its trade economic and investment policies. Since its seventh TPR in 2017 Brazil’s initiatives to maintain its participation in the Multilateral Trading System and take advantage of the opportunities it offers were greatly appreciated. Indeed the 958 advance written questions submitted by 38 Members and the 51 delegations that took the floor during the first and second day underline the importance attached by Members to Brazil’s trade and investment policies and practices.
Trade Policy Review: Mexico 2022
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Mexico.