Government procurement
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International Trade and Green Hydrogen
Hydrogen produced exclusively from renewable power – known as green hydrogen – is widely recognised as a key pillar in replacing fossil fuels and decarbonizing sectors that cannot easily be electrified such as some industrial processes shipping and aviation. This publication – jointly produced by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) – explores how trade policies can support the development of green hydrogen markets. The publication highlights in particular how lowering tariffs on key products building reliable infrastructure realigning domestic support programmes and developing green government procurement can foster the development of green hydrogen supply chains and the transition to a low-carbon economy. International trade could also play a significant role in matching supply and demand for green hydrogen as the potential for domestic production in some economies might not be enough to satisfy domestic demand. The publication also addresses the challenges and opportunities for developing economies offered by green hydrogen and its derivatives such as green methanol and green ammonia. It underscores the importance of international cooperation and the need to align regulatory frameworks to encourage technology development enhanced transparency and market growth.
Government Procurement Agreement
Government procurement accounts for an average of 15 per cent or more of a country’s GDP. The WTO’s Agreement on Government Procurement covers government purchasing of goods services and construction work valued at US$ 1.7 trillion annually. This brochure produced to mark the WTO’s 20th anniversary looks into how the Agreement came about and what it embodies.
The WTO Regime on Government Procurement
Originally an important but relatively obscure plurilateral instrument the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is now becoming a pillar of the WTO system as a result of important developments since the Uruguay Round. This collection examines the issues and challenges that this raises for the GPA as well as future prospects for addressing government procurement at a multilateral level. Coverage includes issues relating to pending accessions to the GPA particularly those of developing countries with a large state sector such as China; the revised (provisionally agreed) GPA text of 2006 including provisions on electronic procurement and Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries; and procurement provisions in regional trade agreements and their significance for the multilateral system. Attention is also given to emerging issues especially those concerning environmental social and SME policy; competition law; and the implications of the recent economic crisis.