About the WTO
Turquía - Derechos adicionales sobre determinados productos procedentes de los Estados Unidos
Turkey - Additional Duties on Certain Products from the United States
Turquie - Droits additionnels visant certains produits en provenance des États-Unis
Foreword
The world has been confronted by multiple challenges in recent years. From the devastating health and economic consequences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to the growing impact of climate change these crises have risen alongside longstanding global concerns such as alleviating poverty and fostering sustainable development. International trade has a pivotal role to play in addressing these pressing issues. However the trading of certain products can entail risks necessitating the need for measures such as export licences and restrictions in certain circumstances to manage these risks.
International export regulations and controls
Measures such as prohibitions export licences and restrictions assist in risk management and the regulation of trade in controlled and sensitive goods. They are established pursuant to international agreements and conventions on protecting people and the environment on controlling drugs and harmful substances and on contributing to international peace and weapons controls. This publication explores how particular international agreements and conventions operate in practice and how they link to the multilateral trading system. Prepared or reviewed by the secretariats and implementing bodies of the relevant international agreements and conventions the chapters delve into the export-related controls covered by these legal instruments and how these restrictions tie in with WTO agreements. The agreements and conventions included in this publication were selected on the basis of three criteria: the presence of provisions in the agreement or convention that seek to regulate exports; the extent to which WTO members are party to those provisions; and how often members refer to them in their notifications submitted to the WTO Secretariat. The aim of the publication is to provide a better understanding of how international agreements and conventions regulate the export of high-risk and controlled goods and how these regulations co-exist with WTO rules.
Acknowledgments
This publication was coordinated by Roy Santana and Adeet Dobhal of the WTO Market Access Division. The coordinators are grateful to the Office of the Director-General for their cooperation former Deputy Director-General Anabel González and Suja Rishikesh Mavroidis Director of the Market Access Division for their encouragement constant support and guidance.
Introduction
WTO members utilize a wide range of measures such as prohibitions export licences regulations and other controls to assist in risk management and regulating trade in controlled and sensitive goods. Examples include measures for fulfilling specific environmental objectives the management of hazardous wastes and chemicals combating illicit drugs and harmful substances contributing to international peace and weapons controls and regulating trade in cultural property. Many of these export licences and controls are established pursuant to international agreements and conventions focused on these specific areas and are the result of many years of international cooperation in the respective fields.
WTO’s Contribution to Attaining UN Sustainable Development Goals
This report which was submitted to the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2023 highlights the role of trade in helping countries recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also underlines the WTO’s contribution to improving livelihoods and making trade work for people.