Economic research and trade policy analysis
Foreword
The Global Value Chain Development Report 2023: Resilient and Sustainable GVCs in Turbulent Times, the fourth in this biennial series, is released at a critical juncture in the evolution of Global Value Chains (GVCs). It first provides an update on trends in GVCs highlighting that international production networks remain a central part of globalization despite mounting pressures. The report then turns to its main theme which is informed by the fact that the intricate networks of international flows of goods, services, capital, and technology are currently facing exceptional challenges arising from geopolitical complexities and the impacts of climate change in the Post-COVID era.
Literature review on studies analysing the customs revenue implications of the WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions
The first attempt to estimate the foregone customs revenue of the WTO moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions was undertaken by Schuknecht and Pérez-Esteve (1999). They used a list of goods that included cinematographic film, newspapers and videogames to provide upper bound estimates of possible tariff revenue losses, based on the assumption that all trade that could be digitized would be digitized. The analysis suggests that the potential foregone revenue effects would amount to less than 1 per cent of total tariff revenue across most economies. The paper also highlighted the strong potential for electronic transmissions to enhance services trade, underscoring that tariff revenue losses would need to be weighed against gains arising from growing trade in services (see also Mattoo and Schuknecht (2000) and Mattoo, Pérez-Esteve and Schuknecht (2001).
Executive summary
Trade has an important role to play in the global response to climate change, providing economies with tools to draw on in their efforts to mitigate climate change and to adapt to its consequences.
Executive summary
This report explores the opportunities and challenges for developing economies arising from digital trade and discusses the role of international cooperation in tackling these opportunities and challenges. The report considers policy actions in the areas of digital infrastructure, skills, international support for capacity development, and the regulatory and policy environment. Specific policy issues include the WTO e-commerce moratorium, regulation of cross-border data flows, competition policies and consumer protection.
Foreword
The expansion of trade depends on reliable, adequate and cost-effective sources of trade financing, which help to fill the time gap during which goods are produced, shipped and paid for. Trade finance is routinely supplied to exporters and importers by banks and other financial intermediaries, which mitigate the financial and payment risk involved in crossborder trade. While developed countries can often rely upon large and advanced economic sectors mobilizing sophisticated trade finance instruments, such as supply chain finance, significant shortages exist in developing countries. These shortages can have many reasons, both international (inflation, availability of correspondent banking relationships, country risk) and local (level of development and expertise of the financial sector, cost, access to finance by local firms).
Note générale et abréviations
Les statistiques relatives aux droits appliqués et aux importations sont calculées sur la base de données établies selon la nomenclature du SH adoptée par le pays pour l’année de référence.
Remerciements
Les auteurs tiennent à remercier tous ceux qui ont communiqué des données y compris les notifications figurant dans le sujet spécial, principalement les administrations des pays/territoires et les délégations auprès de l’OMC.
Introduction
Les Profils tarifaires dans le monde sont une publication conjointe de l’OMC, de l’ITC et de la CNUCED consacrée à l’accès aux marchés pour les marchandises.
Introduction
Avec le lancement de ChatGPT en novembre 2022, l’intelligence artificielle (IA), et en particulier l’IA générative – qui est capable de générer des textes, des images et d’autres contenus de grande qualité à partir de données d’entraînement – a été découverte par le public et a connu une adoption rapide.