Investigación económica y análisis de políticas comerciales
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Remerciements
Les auteurs tiennent à remercier tous ceux qui ont communiqué des données y compris les notifications figurant dans le sujet spécial, principalement les administrations des pays/territoires et les délégations auprès de l'OMC. Dans certains cas, les données ont été mises à disposition sur les sites Web des pays/territoires ou par l'intermédiaire d'organisations régionales. Vu le grand nombre de données statistiques et de métadonnées qu'il fallait traiter, et comme celles-ci n'étaient pas disponibles au sein d'une seule organisation, cette publication n'a été possible que grâce aux efforts conjoints de l'OMC, de l'ITC et de la CNUCED. Les trois organisations possèdent chacune une expérience reconnue et des avantages comparatifs dans le domaine de l'analyse tarifaire.
Acknowledgements
This second edition of the Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade is the outcome of a collaborative effort by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), and it has greatly benefitted from the contribution of many experts along the way.
Case studies
Several countries have started to apply the core concepts presented in this Handbook to derive measures of digital trade. The detailed case studies put forward in this chapter, contributed by China, Jamaica, Spain, and Türkiye, provide compilers with a range of examples and practical applications to start measuring digital trade.
The conceptual framework for measuring digital trade
Drawing on prior measurement initiatives and focusing on policy needs, this chapter defines digital trade as “all international trade that is digitally ordered and/or digitally delivered”. It sets out a conceptual framework that identifies digital trade transactions within the existing measurement frameworks for international trade, specifying how digital trade transactions are defined, what types of products are included and who are the actors involved in digital trade.
Executive summary
Digital technologies are transforming virtually every aspect of the economy, and international trade is no exception. Businesses and households make increasing use of digital ordering. Many services that traditionally required proximity between producers and consumers are now traded at a distance. Online platforms are playing an increasingly important role in matching supply with demand and facilitating economic transactions.
Digitally delivered trade
This Handbook defines digitally delivered trade as “all international trade transactions that are delivered remotely over computer networks”. This chapter identifies data sources that can be used to collect information on digitally delivered trade, with the collection of data through business surveys being especially recommended.
Foreword
Digital technologies have made it increasingly feasible for buyers and sellers to place and receive orders on a global scale. They also enable the instantaneous remote delivery of services directly into businesses and homes, including internationally.