Recherche économique et analyse des politiques commerciales
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Nota de agradecimiento
La Secretaría expresa su reconocimiento al Banco Mundial, el Centro de Comercio Internacional, la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo, la División de Estadísticas de las Naciones Unidas, el Fondo Monetario Internacional, la Oficina Estadística de las Comunidades Europeas, la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos y la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual. La asistencia que han prestado todas estas organizaciones proporcionando estadísticas y otra información han facilitado en gran medida la labor de la Secretaría.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are due to the International Monetary Fund, the International Trade Centre, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Statistics Division, the World Bank and the World Intellectual Property Organization. The assistance of all these organizations in supplying statistics as well as other information has greatly facilitated the work of the WTO Secretariat.
Notes techniques
Le PIB (produit intérieur brut) est le total de la production sur le territoire de l’économie moins le total de la consommation intermédiaire (plus les taxes déduction faite des subventions aux produits). Il est mesuré en termes nominaux et sur la base des taux de change du marché.
Women’s exporting success: evidence from Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises
Based on the Statistics Canada 2017 Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, this chapter examines the role of gender on the export participation of Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and identifies specific characteristics and business activities of women-owned SMEs that are associated with their export propensity and export intensity. It also provides empirical evidence of the benefits of online payments and innovations to the internationalization of women-owned SMEs. The study finds no statistically significant gender differences in the export propensity and the export intensity when business characteristics are controlled for. However, the impact of some characteristics on export propensity are significantly different between men and women-owned SMEs. Firstly, larger SMEs owned by women are less likely to export than men-owned and equally owned SMEs of the same size. Secondly, online payment and innovations play a more crucial role in facilitating exports for women-owned SMEs. Finally, for higher export intensity, the owner’s education level and managerial experience are much more important for women-owned SME exporters than for men-owned and equally owned exporters.
Intensificar la cooperación en el comercio de bienes y servicios médicos
Este capítulo examina la forma en que la mejora de la cooperación en cuestiones comerciales y conexas contribuye a la seguridad sanitaria mundial. Partiendo de las lagunas existentes en la cooperación que se pusieron de manifiesto durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el capítulo describe los elementos necesarios para garantizar que las normas de los acuerdos comerciales y los mecanismos de cooperación que van más allá del comercio puedan apuntalar los esfuerzos encaminados a responder mejor a la próxima pandemia.
Les flux commerciaux de produits et services médicaux
Ce chapitre a deux objectifs : a) analyser les principales caractéristiques de l’offre et de la demande sur les marchés de produits et services médicaux et la façon dont elles déterminent les avantages et les risques découlant du commerce de ces produits ; et b) présenter des faits stylisés sur les tendances du commerce international des produits et services médicaux, y compris le fonctionnement des chaînes d’approvisionnement en produits médicaux, avant et pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.
Foreword
Services have emerged as the driving force that is shaping the economic landscape of countries at all levels of development. They account for the largest share of global economic activity by generating more than two-thirds of GDP, employ the most workers, and are the source of most new job creation, especially for female and young workers. At the same time, services trade has turned into a key element in growth strategies, becoming the most dynamic component of global trade in recent times, and creating higher value-added jobs.