Trade monitoring
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Introduction
The geographical fragmentation of production has created a new trade reality. Often referred to as global value chains or vertical specialization, this fragmentation deepens the interdependency of trade relations and has many implications for how we understand trade policy. This book sheds light on the nature of this interdependency, and the contribution of trade to national economies. It illustrates the conjunction of technical, institutional and political changes that led to the emergence of production and trade networks in East Asia, including their impact on trade patterns.
Introducción
Siempre es difícil hacer pronósticos a largo plazo. Es improbable que hace 20 años alguien hubiera podido prever, con cierta precisión, acontecimientos "revolucionarios" como el impresionante auge de los dispositivos interactivos y de comunicación que caracterizan nuestro actual modo de vida, desde la utilización de las redes sociales hasta la deslocalización internacional. Sin embargo, pese a que los intentos de predecir el futuro se basan en buena medida en extrapolaciones de las tendencias que se observan en el presente, pueden servir para evaluar cambios importantes e identificar los retos que puedan plantear los cambios a los que presumiblemente habremos de enfrentarnos.
Technical cooperation and training
In 2011, the Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation (ITTC) strengthened its measures designed to improve both content and delivery of WTO technical assistance and training programmes, reinforced its capacity to interact with beneficiaries in all regions and bolstered its coordinating role for trade capacity building. The WTO undertook 267 technical assistance activities, with particular emphasis on Africa and least-developed countries (LDCs). A results-based management initiative was formally introduced covering the design, management and delivery of capacitybuilding programmes.