Trade monitoring
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Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Mozambique shares many of the problems of resource-rich countries, with a fragile development model excessively focused on extractives and major projects. It has undoubted potential but faces considerable challenges: a lack of qualified workers; a limited internal market; infrastructure insufficiencies; a costly business environment; limited economic diversification; a high dependency on imports; increasing debt levels; a narrow tax base; and limited capacity for domestic resource mobilization.
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Introduction
Les prévisions à long terme sont toujours difficiles. On n’aurait probablement pas pu prévoir avec certitude, il y a 20 ans, des phénomènes « révolutionnaires » comme l’explosion des systèmes de communication et de l’interactivité qui façonnent aujourd’hui notre vie quotidienne, des réseaux sociaux à l’externalisation internationale. L’on peut certes s’appuyer dans une large mesure sur des extrapolations des tendances actuelles, pour tenter de prédire l’avenir, mais cela peut aussi aider à faire l’inventaire des événements importants et à identifier les problèmes qui pourraient résulter des changements auxquels nous serons probablement confrontés.
Acknowledgements
The World Trade Report 2011 was prepared under the general direction of the Deputy Director-General Alejandro Jara and supervised by Patrick Low, Director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division. The writing of this year’s report was coordinated by Nadia Rocha and Robert Teh. The principal authors of the Report were Marc Bacchetta, Cosimo Beverelli, John Hancock, Alexander Keck, Gaurav Nayyar, Coleman Nee, Roberta Piermartini, Nadia Rocha, Martin Roy, Michele Ruta, Robert Teh and Alan Yanovich. Other written contributions were provided by Marc Auboin, Manfred Elsig, Trudi Hartzenberg and Roy Santana. Special acknowledgment is owed to Richard Baldwin for his many suggestions and contributions to the report. Trade statistics information was provided by the Statistics Group of the Economic Research and Statistics Division, coordinated by Hubert Escaith, Julia de Verteuil, Andreas Maurer and Jurgen Richtering. Aishah Colautti assisted in the preparation of the graphical input and Paulette Planchette, assisted by Véronique Bernard, prepared the bibliography. Research assistance was provided by Hans Baumgarten, Pavel Chakraborty, Claudia Hofmann, Joelle Latina, Alen Mulabdic, Andreas Lendle, and Gianluca Orefice.
Conclusions
This report has addressed four fundamental issues relating to natural resources trade. The first is how key economic features of natural resources and the manner of their exchange influence patterns of trade for this class of goods. Second, we have examined how far the absence of trade barriers provides an efficient mechanism for ensuring access to natural resources and their long-run sustainability. The third issue concerns the incentives that governments face in setting trade policy in natural resource sectors and the consequences of this incentive structure. Finally, the report has considered how international cooperation affects the management of trade in natural resources, with particular emphasis on the role of the WTO.