Trade monitoring
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Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Négociations et discussions commerciales
Les règles commerciales ne peuvent pas être modifiées sans l’accord des Membres de l’OMC, qui doivent parvenir à une décision par la voie de négociations.
Introduction
L’objectif général de l’OMC est d’aider ses Membres à mettre le commerce au service du relèvement des niveaux de vie, de la création d’emplois et de l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations. L’OMC administre le système mondial de règles commerciales et aide les pays en développement à renforcer leur capacité commerciale. Elle offre aussi une enceinte permettant à ses Membres de négocier des accords commerciaux et de régler les problèmes commerciaux qui les opposent.
Solución de diferencias
Los Miembros de la plantean OMC diferencias ante la Organización si consideran que se están infringiendo los derechos que les corresponden en virtud de los acuerdos comerciales. Se encarga de resolver las diferencias el Órgano de Solución de Diferencias.
Soutien au développement et renforcement des capacités commerciales
L’OMC s’efforce d’aider les pays en développement à renforcer leurs capacités commerciales et leur accorde des délais plus longs pour mettre en oeuvre les accords commerciaux. Des centaines de cours de formation sont organisés chaque année à l’intention des fonctionnaires de ces pays.
Los Miembros
La OMC tiene actualmente 164 Miembros. El proceso de adhesión de los futuros Miembros promueve la integración de estos en la economía mundial.
Apoyo al desarrollo y creación de capacidad comercial
Uno de los objetivos de la OMC es contribuir a la creación de capacidad comercial en los países en desarrollo, a los que concede un plazo más largo para aplicar los acuerdos comerciales. Cada año se organizan cientos de cursos de formación para funcionarios de países en desarrollo.
Aplicación y vigilancia
Los distintos consejos y comités de la OMC velan por que los Acuerdos de la OMC se apliquen de manera adecuada. Todos los Miembros de la OMC se someten periódicamente a un examen de sus políticas y prácticas comerciales.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Guyana is a relatively small economy traditionally based on mining of gold and bauxite, and exportation of sugar and rice. Furthermore, Guyana is now also an exporter of crude oil, the result of successive major offshore discoveries beginning in 2015. In 2020, oil exports swung Guyana’s trade balance into surplus and thereby mitigated the otherwise significant negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the domestic economy. GDP per capita has been rising steadily and reached nearly USD 6,900 in 2020.
Communication
L’OMC entretient un dialogue régulier avec les milieux d’affaires, les organisations non gouvernementales, les parlementaires, les autres organisations internationales, les médias et le grand public pour renforcer la coopération et faire mieux connaître les questions commerciales.
Mise en œuvre et suivi
Les différents conseils et comités de l’OMC veillent à ce que les Accords de l’OMC soient convenablement mis en oeuvre. Les politiques et pratiques commerciales de tous les Membres de l’OMC font l’objet d’un examen périodique.
Secrétariat et budget
Le Secrétariat de l’OMC emploie plus de 600 personnes au bénéfice d’un contrat régulier qui coordonnent les activités de l’Organisation. Le budget annuel de l’OMC est financé pour l’essentiel par les contributions des Membres.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Kingdom of Bahrain is a high-income country, with a population of about 1.5 million and a GDP per capita of USD 23,300, according to the World Bank. As a result of long-standing diversification efforts, including under Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030, the services sector has become the backbone of the economy, accounting for nearly 60% of real GDP in 2020. Nevertheless, petroleum products alone still account for some 18.3% of GDP, with significant contributions to government revenue, exports, and other economic activities. The manufacturing sector (14.2% of GDP) is energy-intensive and the second largest contributor to non-oil GDP, while agricultural activities remain marginal (0.3% of GDP). The economy continues to rely heavily on foreign labour, although sustained efforts to increase the employment share of Bahrainis have borne fruit. Heavily involved in economic activities, the public sector, including stateowned enterprises, continues to be one of the largest employers. Bahrain maintains a fixed exchange rate regime, with a conventional peg of the national currency, the Bahraini dinar, to the US dollar.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Since accession to the WTO in 2013, Tajikistan has been following a relatively open trade and investment regime. The country has strong growth potential, underpinned by its abundant hydro resources, young population, mountainous landscape and the attractiveness for tourists, and its proximity to large markets in the region. Challenges arise mainly at the sectoral level, particularly obstacles in the financial system and infrastructure bottlenecks, and also in attracting more private investment, diversifying and upgrading exports, and creating non-farm employment opportunities.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Mauritius is a small island with a population of close to 1.3 million people. About two decades of liberalization reforms have transformed Mauritius into an almost dutyfree economy. Its openness to trade has been one of the reasons behind its economic success, also supported by a long tradition of parliamentary democracy, good governance, and strong institutions. The country relies heavily on imports for its industrial inputs and for a large share of its food supplies, while maintaining the general openness of its services markets to foreign competition. Its trade in goods and services as a share of GDP declined from 105% in 2014 to 90% in 2019 and 76% in 2020. The fall in 2020 was mainly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, while the decline between 2014 and 2019 reflects, inter alia, the continuation of the downward trend in merchandise exports, a stagnation of services trade, while Mauritius was registering steady domestic growth. The EU remains Mauritius’ main trading partner. South Africa and the United Kingdom are the other main destinations of merchandise exports, while the country imports many of its manufactured goods, including petroleum products, from China, the United Arab Emirates, and India.