Trade monitoring
Mise en œuvre et suivi
Les différents conseils et comités de l’OMC veillent à ce que les Accords de l’OMC soient convenablement mis en oeuvre. Les politiques et pratiques commerciales de tous les Membres de l’OMC font l’objet d’un examen périodique.
Secrétariat et budget
Le Secrétariat de l’OMC emploie plus de 600 personnes au bénéfice d’un contrat régulier qui coordonnent les activités de l’Organisation. Le budget annuel de l’OMC est financé pour l’essentiel par les contributions des Membres.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Kingdom of Bahrain is a high-income country, with a population of about 1.5 million and a GDP per capita of USD 23,300, according to the World Bank. As a result of long-standing diversification efforts, including under Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030, the services sector has become the backbone of the economy, accounting for nearly 60% of real GDP in 2020. Nevertheless, petroleum products alone still account for some 18.3% of GDP, with significant contributions to government revenue, exports, and other economic activities. The manufacturing sector (14.2% of GDP) is energy-intensive and the second largest contributor to non-oil GDP, while agricultural activities remain marginal (0.3% of GDP). The economy continues to rely heavily on foreign labour, although sustained efforts to increase the employment share of Bahrainis have borne fruit. Heavily involved in economic activities, the public sector, including stateowned enterprises, continues to be one of the largest employers. Bahrain maintains a fixed exchange rate regime, with a conventional peg of the national currency, the Bahraini dinar, to the US dollar.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Since accession to the WTO in 2013, Tajikistan has been following a relatively open trade and investment regime. The country has strong growth potential, underpinned by its abundant hydro resources, young population, mountainous landscape and the attractiveness for tourists, and its proximity to large markets in the region. Challenges arise mainly at the sectoral level, particularly obstacles in the financial system and infrastructure bottlenecks, and also in attracting more private investment, diversifying and upgrading exports, and creating non-farm employment opportunities.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Mauritius is a small island with a population of close to 1.3 million people. About two decades of liberalization reforms have transformed Mauritius into an almost dutyfree economy. Its openness to trade has been one of the reasons behind its economic success, also supported by a long tradition of parliamentary democracy, good governance, and strong institutions. The country relies heavily on imports for its industrial inputs and for a large share of its food supplies, while maintaining the general openness of its services markets to foreign competition. Its trade in goods and services as a share of GDP declined from 105% in 2014 to 90% in 2019 and 76% in 2020. The fall in 2020 was mainly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, while the decline between 2014 and 2019 reflects, inter alia, the continuation of the downward trend in merchandise exports, a stagnation of services trade, while Mauritius was registering steady domestic growth. The EU remains Mauritius’ main trading partner. South Africa and the United Kingdom are the other main destinations of merchandise exports, while the country imports many of its manufactured goods, including petroleum products, from China, the United Arab Emirates, and India.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Since the Republic of Korea’s previous Trade Policy Review in 2016, relatively strong economic fundamentals and solid buffers to external shocks have helped the country maintain macroeconomic stability and ensure the resilience of its export-led economy. Korea was able to weather the COVID-19 pandemic comparatively well, supported by a comprehensive set of fiscal, monetary, financial, and other measures. During the review period, Korea’s annual GDP growth peaked at 3.2% (2017) and progressively declined to -0.9% (2020) due to the COVID-19 outbreak, a considerably milder contraction than in most other advanced economies. Annual average GDP growth rate for 2016-20 stood at 2.1%, a further decline compared to previous performances (averaging 2.9% in 2012-15 and 4.6% over 2001-11). Developments in Korea’s position among the most competitive economies in the world involved variable labour and total factor productivity (TFP) growth, but also weaknesses in areas where some reforms have been under way. Whereas headline inflation remained below target and dropped progressively to 0.5% (about a fourth of its 2017 peak level) in 2020, the unemployment rate rose slightly (4%) in 2020, reflecting weak private job creation and the impact of the pandemic.
Les Membres
L’OMC compte actuellement 164 Membres. Le processus d’accession à l’Organisation de nouveaux Membres favorise leur intégration dans l’économie mondiale.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Switzerland and Liechtenstein are among the top high-per capita income countries in the world and are very well integrated into international trade. They both benefit from strong democratic institutions, educated populations, and a specialization in value-added production. Their fiscal situation is sound and their unemployment traditionally low. Services account for about three quarters of the Swiss economy. One particularity of the Liechtenstein economy is the importance of manufacturing, representing 40% of GDP in 2019. During the review period, and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, real GDP growth in Switzerland was positive, ranging from 1.2% in 2019 to 2.9% in 2018. GDP growth in Liechtenstein tends to be more volatile because of the small size of the economy. After three years of real GDP growth, Liechtenstein’s GDP contracted by 2.3% in 2019. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, real GDP growth fell by 2.4% in 2020 in Switzerland, and further in Liechtenstein. Thanks to strong financial buffers and a prompt response by the Governments, the pandemic is not expected to have negative effects on long-term economic prospects.