La publication intitulée « Profils tarifaires dans le monde 2021 » donne des renseignements complets sur les droits imposés par plus de 170 pays et territoires douaniers. La publication commence par une ventilation des droits de douane appliqués par ces économies. Les données sont présentées dans des tableaux récapitulatifs et sous forme de profils individuels d’une page pour chaque économie. Un tableau récapitulatif concernant certains indicateurs relatifs au profil des importations et des exportations pour ces économies est aussi disponible. Vient ensuite une section qui porte sur l’utilisation des mesures non tarifaires, qui sont de plus en plus importantes dans le commerce international. Cette édition traite en particulier l’estimation des indicateurs analytiques concernant les mesures non tarifaires (MNT) par le Système d’analyse et d’information commerciales de la CNUCED (TRAINS). Cette publication est établie conjointement par l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement (CNUCED) et le Centre du commerce international (ITC).

Medical technologies – medicines, vaccines and medical devices – are essential for public health. Access to essential medicines and the lack of research to address neglected diseases have been a major concern for many years. To promote innovation and to ensure equitable access to all vital medical technologies, policy-makers need a clear understanding of the innovation processes that lead to new technologies and of the ways in which these technologies are disseminated in health systems. This study seeks to reinforce the understanding of the interplay between the distinct policy domains of health, trade and intellectual property, and of how they affect medical innovation and access to medical technologies. This collaborative effort by the World Health Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization draws together the three Secretariats’ respective areas of expertise. The study is intended to inform ongoing technical cooperation activities undertaken by the three organizations and to support policy discussions. It has been prepared to serve the needs of policy-makers, as well as lawmakers, government officials, delegates to international organizations, non-governmental organizations and researchers. The second edition comprehensively reviews the existing material and captures new developments in key areas since the initial launch of the study in 2013. Among the new topics covered by the study are antimicrobial resistance and cuttingedge health technologies. The second edition provides updated data on health, innovation trends in the pharmaceutical sector, and trade and tariffs. It includes an updated overview of access to medical technologies globally and key provisions in free trade agreements, and takes account of developments in IP legislation and jurisprudence.