Development and building trade capacity
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Boosting trade opportunities for least-developed countries
This report looks at progress over the past decade in supporting the integration of least-developed countries (LDCs) into the multilateral trading system. Prepared as the WTO's contribution to the 5th United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDC5) the report highlights that international efforts to help LDCs increase their participation in global trade are needed more than ever before in view of the enormous challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Important progress has been achieved in boosting LDC exports over the last decade by improving market access opportunities for LDCs and by granting them flexibilities in the implementation of WTO rules. Further efforts will be needed to support trade growth in LDCs in the next decade. LDC5 can set a path for allowing LDCs to fully realize their trade potential and to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The integration of LDCs into global trade is still a priority as trade can play an important role in driving economic growth and supporting sustainable development.
Easing Trade Bottlenecks of Landlocked Developing Countries
Without direct access to a sea or ocean and isolated from the world’s largest markets landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) face many challenges to integrate into global supply chains. This report identifies specific trade bottlenecks in LLDCs which have increased trading costs lengthened the time to process goods at the border and restricted the movement of goods across borders. Compounded by the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic LLDCs have seen trade decline more sharply and for longer than the rest of the world. The report demonstrates the vital role the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) can play in boosting output and facilitating world trade by simplifying modernizing and harmonizing the movement release and clearance of goods. Participation in the TFA can broaden the opportunities for developing countries – and LLDCs in particular – to participate more fully in global value chains. The report concludes with recommendations on the steps that LLDCs neighbouring transit countries and international organizations can undertake to ease trade bottlenecks to keep trade flowing smoothly and to make trade more inclusive.
Strengthening Africa’s Capacity to Trade
Open global trade has had positive effects for African industrialization and development. Keeping markets open and predictable as well as fostering a more generally favourable business environment will be critical to spur renewed investment in Africa and support the continent’s economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This report looks at efforts to help African countries build capacity and to take fuller advantage of the benefits that trade brings. It examines various activities and projects the WTO is implementing in the continent including in the areas of trade facilitation compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary regulations and capacity building for trade and production. The report also looks into projects aimed at mainstreaming trade into the national development strategies of African countries. International cooperation a multilaterally coordinated response to the COVID-19 crisis and a reinvigorated multilateral trading system have the potential to lessen the effects of the pandemic and bolster Africa’s economic growth.
Adaptación a la era del comercio digital
El informe Adaptación a la era del comercio digital: desafíos y oportunidades analiza cómo la rápida adopción de tecnologías digitales podría ayudar a los países en desarrollo a aumentar su participación en el comercio mundial. También examina la manera en que las políticas nacionales y la cooperación internacional pueden contribuir a crear un futuro más próspero e inclusivo para esos países. Esta publicación marca la conclusión de la segunda fase del Programa de Cátedras OMC (PCO). En ella se recogen las contribuciones de los titulares de las Cátedras OMC (fases I y II) los miembros del Consejo Consultivo el equipo del PCO de la OMC y otros funcionarios de la Secretaría de la Organización. El PCO es una parte importante de las iniciativas de la OMC destinadas a crear capacidad comercial y colaborar con las instituciones académicas de los países en desarrollo.
S’adapter à l’ère du commerce numérique
S’adapter à l’ère du commerce numérique : défis et possibilités examine comment l’adoption rapide des technologies numériques pourrait aider les pays en développement à accroître leur participation au commerce mondial. Il analyse également le rôle que les politiques nationales et la coopération internationale peuvent jouer dans la création d’un avenir plus prospère et plus inclusif pour ces pays. Cette publication marque la conclusion de la deuxième phase du Programme de chaires de l’OMC (PCO). Elle rassemble des contributions de titulaires de chaires du PCO de membres du Conseil consultatif de l’équipe PCO à l’OMC et d’autres fonctionnaires du Secrétariat. Le PCO joue un rôle important dans les efforts déployés par l’OMC pour renforcer les capacités commerciales et travailler conjointement avec les institutions universitaires des pays en développement.
Adapting to the Digital Trade Era
Adapting to the digital trade era: challenges and opportunities looks at how the rapid adoption of digital technologies could help developing countries increase their participation in world trade. It also reviews the role that domestic policies and international co-operation can play in creating a more prosperous and inclusive future for these countries. This publication marks the conclusion of the second phase of the WTO Chairs Programme (WCP). It brings together contributions from the WCP Chairholders of Phases I and II Advisory Board members the WCP team at the WTO and other WTO Secretariat staff. The WCP is an important part of the WTO's efforts to build trade capacity and to work jointly with academic institutions in developing countries.
Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation
Graduation from the status of least-developed country (LDC) marks an important milestone in the development path of each LDC. At the same time the phasing-out of international support measures associated with LDC status including trade preferences and special treatment in the WTO could present challenges for graduating LDCs in their efforts to continue integration into the global economy. A quarter of LDCs were on track to graduate from LDC status prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. “Trade impacts of LDC graduation: Insights from countryspecific market access analyses” complements the report “Trade impacts of LDC graduation” issued in May 2020 and examines in greater detail the impact of graduation on preferential market access for each of the 12 graduating LDCs. The report looks at the export structure of graduating LDCs the likely increase of tariffs on their exported products and projected changes in trade flows employing a partial equilibrium model. It sheds light on products and destination markets that require specific attention from graduating LDCs as they prepare for graduation.
Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation
A new report issued by the WTO on 8 May seeks to help least developed countries (LDCs) better understand the trade-related implications of graduation from LDC status. The product of a joint effort between the WTO and the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) “Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation” looks at how graduation may affect LDCs’ participation in world trade including their access to export markets and implications for their WTO commitments.
Trade and Poverty Reduction
Global trade has contributed strongly to reducing poverty but important challenges remain in making trade work for the poorest. This publication presents eight case studies to reveal how trade can help to reduce poverty in developing countries. It focuses on four constraints faced by the extremely poor – namely that they tend to live in rural areas work in the informal sector live in fragile and conflict-affected regions and face gender inequality. The case studies identify ways to overcome these constraints including through the adoption of policies that maximize the contribution of trade to poverty reduction. The studies also highlight the ongoing gaps in data and research that constrain policy-making. The publication is a follow-up to The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty co-published by the WTO and the World Bank in 2015 which examined the challenges the poor face in benefiting from trade opportunities. The country-specific approach of this new publication complements the global perspective of the previous report.
Mainstreaming Trade to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals
The WTO is central to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which set targets to be achieved by 2030 in areas such as poverty reduction health education and the environment. The SDGs put significant emphasis on the role that trade plays in promoting sustainable development and recognize the contribution that the WTO can make to the 2030 Agenda. By delivering and implementing trade reforms which are pro-growth and pro-development and by continuing to foster stable predictable and equitable trading relations across the world the WTO will play an important role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goals just as it did with the Millennium Development Goals before them. This report identifies steps which would help to ensure that international trade contributes to accelerating progress in achieving the SDGs
Global Value Chain Development Report 2019
This report takes stock of the evolution of global value chains (GVCs) in light of technological developments such as robotics big data and the Internet of Things. It discusses how these technologies are reshaping GVCs and examines the effect of these changes on labor markets in developed and developing economies and on supply chain management. The report discusses how technological developments are creating new opportunities for the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in global value chains and reviews issues related to GVC measurement. The report is a follow-up to the first Global Value Chain Development Report which revealed the changing nature of international trade when analyzed in terms of value chains and value-added trade.
African Perspectives on Trade and the WTO
Twenty-first century Africa is in a process of economic transformation but challenges remain in areas such as structural reform governance commodity pricing and geopolitics. This book looks into key questions facing the continent such as how Africa can achieve deeper integration into the rules-based multilateral trading system and the global economy. It provides a range of perspectives on the future of the multilateral trading system and Africa's participation in global trade and underlines the supportive roles that can be played by multilateral and regional institutions during such a rapid and uncertain transition. This volume is based on contributions to the Fourth China Round Table on WTO Accessions and the Multilateral Trading System which took place just before the WTO's Tenth Ministerial Conference in Nairobi in December 2015.
The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty
The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth poverty reduction and trade and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs improve the enabling environment implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy better manage risks faced by the poor and improve data used for policy-making.
Training and Technical Assistance
Over 14700 participants from developing countries benefited from WTO training courses and distance learning programmes in 2014. This training has been instrumental in helping government officials gain a greater understanding of the multilateral trading system and in helping developing countries tackle the challenges of being a WTO member enforce their rights and meet their obligations.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2014
Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2014 examine comment quatre grandes tendances économiques récentes ont modifié la façon dont les pays en développement peuvent se servir du commerce pour favoriser leur développement. Ces tendances sont l'essor économique des pays en développement l'intégration croissante de la production mondiale à travers les chaînes d'approvisionnement la hausse des prix des produits agricoles et des ressources naturelles et la plus grande interdépendance de l'économie mondiale. Le Rapport examine aussi le rôle de l'OMC.
World Trade Report 2014
The World Trade Report 2014 looks at how four recent major economic trends have changed how developing countries can use trade to facilitate development: the economic rise of developing economies the growing integration of global production through supply chains the higher prices for agricultural goods and natural resources and the increasing interdependence of the world economy. It also looks into what role the WTO can play.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2014
El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2014 analiza la forma en que cuatro importantes tendencias económicas recientes han cambiado la manera en que los países en desarrollo pueden utilizar el comercio para impulsar su crecimiento. Esas tendencias son el auge de las economías en desarrollo la integración creciente de la producción mundial a través de las cadenas de suministro el aumento de los precios de los productos agropecuarios y los recursos naturales y la interdependencia creciente de la economía mundial. Además en el informe se expone la función que puede desempeñar la OMC en ese proceso.
Connecting to Global Markets
This book brings together contributions from the 14 WTO chair-holders of the first phase of the WTO Chairs Programme (2010-2014). The volume is divided into four sections focusing on export diversification the role of non-tariff measures the rule of law in connecting to global markets and the role of the Aid for Trade initiative in building trade capacity and overcoming supply side constraints.
World Trade Report 2013
The world is changing with extraordinary rapidity driven by many influences including shifts in production and consumption patterns continuing technological innovation new ways of doing business and of course policy. The World Trade Report 2013 focuses on how trade is both a cause and an effect of change and looks into the factors shaping the future of world trade. One of the most significant drivers of change is technology. Not only have revolutions in transport and communications transformed our world but new developments such as 3D printing and the continuing spread of information technology will continue to do so. Trade and foreign direct investment together with a greater geographical spread of income growth and opportunity will integrate a growing number of countries into more extensive international exchange. Higher incomes and larger populations will put new strains on both renewable and non-renewable resources calling for careful resource management. Environmental issues will also call for increasing attention.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2013
Le monde change à une incroyable vitesse et ce sous l’influence de nombreux facteurs y compris l’évolution des modes de production et de consommation l’innovation technologique permanente les nouvelles façons de faire du commerce et bien sûr la politique. Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2013 montre en quoi le commerce est à la fois une cause et un effet du changement et examine les facteurs qui façonnent l’avenir du commerce mondial.