Economic research and trade policy analysis
Note générale et abréviations
Les statistiques relatives aux droits appliqués et aux importations sont calculées sur la base de données établies selon la nomenclature du SH adoptée par le pays pour l’année de référence. Les statistiques sur les droits consolidés sont calculées sur la base de la liste de concessions approuvée du Membre de l’OMC. Dans les précédentes versions des Profils tarifaires dans le monde chaque liste reposait sur la version du SH utilisée par le Membre lors de son accession à l’OMC. En commençant par la version 2010 de cette publication les statistiques sur les droits consolidés sont fondées sur la liste de concessions approuvée pour chaque Membre dans la version la plus récente du SH. Cet élément pourrait avoir certaines conséquences sur les séries chronologiques de plusieurs indicateurs de droits consolidés sur lesquels l’utilisation d’une nomenclature différente a une incidence. Bien que la transposition n’ait entraîné aucun changement au niveau des engagements des Membres le passage à une autre version du SH a pu avoir des répercussions sur certaines statistiques globales.
Gender equality and women’s empowerment in the African Continental Free Trade Area: What lessons can be learnt from the SADC?
The Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA Agreement) which has been signed by 54 out of the 55 African countries seeks to create a single continental market for goods and services and facilitate the free movement of people on the continent thereby enhancing the competitiveness of intra-African trade and boosting intra-African trade. This will generate employment and improve the welfare of mostly young men and women on the continent. However whilst the AfCFTA Agreement under Article 3(e) emphasizes that one of the general objectives of the AfCFTA is to promote gender equality experiences in other African regional economic communities have proven that gender and gender equality have not been adequately mainstreamed in implementing free trade areas which has resulted in gender inequalities in international trade and commerce. As a result of this the majority of women have been left marginalized in trade and faced with serious challenges in accessing opportunities created by regional trade agreements.
Nota / Abreviaturas / Descargo de responsabilidad
La Unión Europea sucedió a la Comunidad Europea para los fines de la OMC el 1º de Diciembre de 2009.
Re-globalization to reduce poverty and inequality
This chapter discusses how fragmentation could have a negative impact on growth poverty and inequality and how re-globalization could help to ensure that the gains from trade are spread more broadly both between and within economies. Opening up trade in agriculture and services and developing new e-commerce rules could boost growth reduce poverty and make the global economy more inclusive. The WTO can help to facilitate a more inclusive global trading system by updating trade rules at the multilateral level and by working with other international organizations to ensure more people benefit from world trade.
Re-globalization to promote environmental sustainability
This chapter examines the complex interplay between trade and environmental sustainability. It evaluates the potential risks associated with a fragmented approach to climate change and other environmental challenges and it explores the benefits of re-globalization – or greater international cooperation – for sustainability in the context of various types of environmental policies and their cross-border effects. The chapter also emphasizes the critical importance of multilateral cooperation in enabling effective environmental protection while fostering equitable global growth.
Acknowledgements
The World Trade Report 2023 was prepared under the general responsibility and guidance of Anabel González WTO Deputy Director-General and Ralph Ossa Director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division. Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Chief of Staff Bright Okogu and Trineesh Biswas from the Office of the Director-General provided valuable advice and guidance. The report was coordinated by Alexander Keck and Victor Stolzenburg.
Executive summary
The multilateral trading system overseen by the World Trade Organization was created just over 75 years ago based on the vision that fostering interdependence among economies would play a crucial role in achieving peace and prosperity. This vision had emerged as a central lesson from three disastrous decades of deglobalization marked by two world wars the Great Depression and political extremism. For three-quarters of a century it has guided policymakers as they laid the foundations for the integrated world we inhabit today.