Investigación económica y análisis de políticas comerciales
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Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2010
El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2010 se centra en el comercio de recursos naturales como los combustibles y los productos forestales mineros y pesqueros. En él se examinan las características del comercio de recursos naturales las políticas por las que pueden optar los gobiernos y el papel de la cooperación internacional en particular de la OMC en la buena gestión del comercio en este sector.
World Trade Report 2010
The World Trade Report 2010 focuses on trade in natural resources such as fuels forestry mining and fisheries. The Report examines the characteristics of trade in natural resources the policy choices available to governments and the role of international cooperation particularly of the WTO in the proper management of trade in this sector. A key question is to what extent countries gain from open trade in natural resources. Some of the issues examined in the Report include the role of trade in providing access to natural resources the effects of international trade on the sustainability of natural resources the environmental impact of resources trade the so-called natural resources curse and resource price volatility. The Report examines a range of key measures employed in natural resource sectors such as export taxes tariffs and subsidies and provides information on their current use. It analyzes in detail the effects of these policy tools on an economy and on its trading partners. Finally the Report provides an overview of how natural resources fit within the legal framework of the WTO and discusses other international agreements that regulate trade in natural resources. A number of challenges are addressed including the regulation of export policy the treatment of subsidies trade facilitation and the relationship between WTO rules and other international agreements.
Governments, Non-State Actors and Trade Policy-Making
One of the most pressing issues confronting the multilateral trade system is the challenge posed by the rapid proliferation of preferential trade agreements. Plenty has been written about why governments might choose to negotiate preferentially or multilaterally but until now it has been written almost exclusively from the perspective of governments. We know very little about how non-state actors view this issue of ‘forum choice' nor how they position themselves to influence choices by governments about whether to emphasize PTAs or the WTO. This book addresses that issue squarely through case studies of trade policy-making and forum choice in eight developing countries: Chile Colombia Mexico South Africa Kenya Jordan Indonesia and Thailand. The case studies are based on original research by the authors including interviews with state and non-state actors involved in the trade policy-making process in the eight countries of this study.
World Trade Report 2009
One of the main objectives of this Report is to analyze whether WTO provisions provide a balance between supplying governments with necessary flexibility to face difficult economic situations and adequately defining them in a way that limits their use for protectionist purposes. In analysing this question the Report focuses primarily on contingency measures available to WTO members when importing and exporting goods. These measures include the use of safeguards such as tariffs and quotas in specified circumstances anti-dumping duties on goods that are deemed to be “dumped” and countervailing duties imposed to offset subsidies. The Report also discusses alternative policy options including the renegotiation of tariff commitments the use of export taxes and increases in tariffs up to their legal maximum ceiling or binding. The analysis includes consideration of legal economic and political economy factors that influence the use of these measures and their associated benefits and costs.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2009
Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial est une publication annuelle qui vise à permettre de mieux comprendre les tendances du commerce international les questions de politique commerciale et le système commercial multilatéral..
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2009
El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial es una publicación anual destinada a facilitar una comprensión más profunda de las tendencias del comercio las cuestiones de política comercial y el sistema multilateral de comercio.
Trade and Poverty Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region
This book explores the complex relationship between international trade and poverty reduction through a combination of research papers and contemporary case studies. Written mainly by developing-country authors in consultation with local businesses and communities the case studies contribute to our understanding of the ways in which low-income communities are dealing with trade as a practical challenge especially in the Asia-Pacific region where approximately two-thirds of the world’s poor live. While making it clear that there is no ‘one size fits all’ formula the research and stories highlight a number of necessary preconditions such as political commitment and cooperation at all levels if trade is to successfully reduce poverty. Openness to trade serious commitment to domestic reform trade-related capacity building a robust and responsible private sector and access to the markets of developed countries are all identified as powerful tools for building trade-related sustainable development.
Globalization and informal jobs in developing countries
This study focuses on the relationship between trade and the growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature complemented with new empirical research by the ILO and the WTO the study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. It also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable long-term growth.
WTO Domestic Regulation and Services Trade
Domestic regulation of services sectors has a significant impact on services trade liberalization which is why General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) disciplines are negotiated in the WTO. With the help of analyses and case-studies from academics regulators and trade experts this book explores the scope and limits of WTO legal principles to promote domestic regulatory reform. Case-studies discuss country-specific challenges and experiences of regulating important service sectors such as finance telecommunications distribution legal education health postal and logistics services as well as the role of regulatory impact assessments. The findings will interest trade officials policy-makers regulators think tanks and businesses concerned with the implications of domestic regulation on access to services markets and with the opportunities for formulating trade disciplines in this area. It is also a useful resource for academics and students researching regulatory approaches and practices in services sectors.
Multilateralizing Regionalism
Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have proliferated around the world in the past two decades and now nearly all members of the WTO are party to at least one. Besides tariffs and rules of origin regulating trade in goods many RTAs now include provisions on services investments technical barriers to trade and competition rules as well as a host of issues not directly related to trade. The geographic reach of RTAs is expanding with transcontinental agreements spreading forcefully alongside intra-regional agreements. ‘Multilateralizing Regionalism’ was the title of a major conference held from 10–12 September 2007 at the WTO in Geneva. Brought together in this publication the conference papers achieve two things. First they marshall detailed new empirical work on the nature of the ‘Spaghetti Bowl’ and the problems it poses for the multilateral trade system. Second they contribute fresh and creative thinking on how to ‘tame the tangle’ of regional trade agreements.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2008
El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial es una publicación anual cuyo objetivo es profundizar en la comprensión de las tendencias del comercio las cuestiones de política comercial y el sistema multilateral de comercio.
World Trade Report 2008
The theme of this year’s Report is “Trade in a Globalizing World”. The Report provides a reminder of what we know about the gains from international trade and highlights the challenges arising from higher levels of integration. It addresses a range of interlinking questions starting with a consideration of what constitutes globalization what drives it what benefits does it bring what challenges does it pose and what role does trade play in this world of ever-growing inter-dependency. The Report asks why some countries have managed to take advantage of falling trade costs and greater policy-driven trading opportunities while others have remained largely outside international commercial relations. It also considers who the winners and losers are from trade and what complementary action is needed from policy-makers to secure the benefits of trade for society at large. In examining these complex and multi-faceted questions the Report reviews both the theoretical gains from trade and empirical evidence that can help to answer these questions.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2008
Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial est une publication annuelle qui vise à permettre de mieux comprendre les tendances du commerce international les questions de politique commerciale et le système commercial multilatéral.
Dictionary of Trade Policy Terms, 5th edition
This is an accessible guide to the vocabulary used in trade negotiations. It explains about 2500 terms and concepts in simple language. Its main emphasis is on the multilateral trading system represented by the agreements under the World Trade Organization (WTO). In addition it covers many of the trade-related activities outcomes and terms used in other international organizations such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the OECD. The last five years have seen a rapid spread in the formation of free-trade areas in all parts of the world. This dictionary allocates generous space to the vocabulary associated with such agreements. It offers clear explanations for example of the concepts used in the administration of preferential rules of origin. Additional areas covered include emerging trade issues and issues based particularly on developing-country concerns.
Trade and Employment
On the basis of an overview of the existing academic economic literature the study provides an impartial view of what can be said and with what degree of confidence on the relationship between trade and employment an often contentious issue of public debate. Its focus is on the connections between trade policies and labour and social policies and it will be useful to all those who are interested in this debate: academics and policy-makers workers and employers trade and labour specialists.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2006
Les “subventions” sont le sujet central du rapport 2006 sur le commerce mondial. Les auteurs explorent ce champ d'action pour voir comment on peut définir les subventions ce que la théorie économique peut nous dire d'elles pourquoi les gouvernements y ont recours quels sont les secteurs qui en sont les principaux bénéficiaires et quel rôle l'Accord de l'OMC peut jouer pour les réglementer dans le contexte du commerce international.
Informe Sobre el Comercio Mundial 2006
El tema principal del Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2006 son las “subvenciones”. En el Informe se examina esta esfera de políticas y se estudia la manera en que se definen las subvenciones qué es lo que puede decir la teoría económica acerca de ellas por qué los gobiernos las utilizan cuáles son los principales sectores en que se aplican las subvenciones y la función del Acuerdo sobre la OMC en la regulación de las subvenciones en el contexto del comercio internacional.
World Trade Report 2006
The annual World Trade Report focuses on trade policy issues - the core topic addressed in 2006 is subsidies. The Report also takes a look at recent trade developments and examines a range of trade topics including trade in textiles and clothing flows of international receipts and payments of royalties and license fees trends in the trade of least-developed countries and the impact of natural disasters and terrorist acts on international trade flows. The World Trade Report is useful for policymakers and for any individuals or groups interested in global trade policy.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2005
L'attention que l'on porte à l'incidence des normes sur le commerce masque parfois le rôle important qu'elles jouent en contribuant à l'efficience économique et en remédiant aux défaillances du marché. C'est en remplissant ces fonctions qu'elles génèrent des avantages pour la société. Le rapport sur le commerce mondial 2005 vise à préciser les diverses fonctions des normes et leurs conséquences.
World Trade Report 2005
The report focuses on specific trade policy issues of current interest and reviews trends in international trade. The core topic addressed in the 2005 Report is the relationship between standards and trade. The Report also contains 3 shorter essays on the use of quantitative economic analysis in WTO dispute settlement proceedings trade in air transport services and offshoring services.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2005
La atención prestada a los efectos de las normas en el comercio ha ocultado a menudo la importante contribución de las normas al aumento de la eficiencia económica y a la superación de las deficiencias del mercado. Es al desempeñar estas funciones cuando crean beneficios para la sociedad. El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2005 trata de arrojar luz sobre estas diversas funciones y consecuencias de las normas.
World Trade Report 2004
The World Trade Report is an annual WTO publication focused on trade trends and policy issues. The 2004 edition reviews recent trade developments and examines issues including coherence in trade and macroeconomic policies geographical indications and the liberalization of trade in services through the temporary movement of natural persons.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2004
El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2004 comienza con una breve discusión sobre cómo se emplea el concepto de coherencia en el análisis de políticas interdependientes en una amplia gama de asuntos y actividades económicas.
World Trade Report 2003
The World Trade Report is a new annual WTO publication focused on trade trends and policy issues. The 2003 edition examines developments in South-South trade trends in commodity markets and the growth of Regional Trade Agreements.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2003
Le rapport sur le commerce mondial 2003 est entièrement centré sur le développement. En expliquant la génèse du problème et en proposant un cadre d'analyse dans lequel traiter la question des rapports entre commerce et développement il vise à aider chacun à débattre en toute connaissance de cause et à mieux évaluer les options qui s'offrent aux gouvernements pour faire face aux défis du moment.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2003
El tema principal del Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2003 es el desarrollo. Al explicar el origen de esta cuestión y ofrecer un marco analítico para abordar la cuestión de la relación entre comercio y desarrollo se pretende que el Informe contribuya a un debate más informado y a una mejor apreciación de las distintas opciones disponibles para abordar los problemas de política.
WTO Agreements & Public Health
This joint study by the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization Secretariat on the relationship between trade rules and public health. The study explains how WTO Agreements relate to different aspects of health policies. It is meant to give a better insight into key issues for those who develop communicate or debate policy issues related to trade and health. The study covers areas such as drugs and intellectual property rights food safety tobacco and many other issues which have been subject to passionate debate. In this joint effort the first of its kind WHO and the WTO Secretariat endeavour to set out the facts.
Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO
The procedures and practices to implement the provisions relating to tariff negotiations and renegotiations have evolved considerably since the GATT was established in 1947. The provisions themselves have undergone some changes in the last fifty-four years. Professor Hoda reviews the evolution of these provisions and of the procedures adopted and practices followed by the contracting parties to GATT 1947 and the Members of the WTO. He goes on to offer some conclusions and recommendations. This book will be of particular interest to negotiators including Geneva based delegations members of government trade ministries economists and all academics who specialise in trade policy.