Services
Remerciements et Avertissement
Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2016 a été établi sous la responsabilité générale de Xiaozhun Yi, Directeur général adjoint de l’OMC, et de Robert Koopman, Directeur de la Division de la recherche économique et des statistiques. Cette année, la rédaction du rapport a été coordonnée par Marc Bacchetta et Cosimo Beverelli. Les auteurs du rapport sont Marc Auboin, Marc Bacchetta, Cosimo Beverelli, Barbara D’Andrea, Christophe Degain, Alexander Keck, Andreas Maurer, José-Antonio Monteiro, Coleman Nee, Roberta Piermartini et Robert Teh (Division de la recherche économique et des statistiques) ; Antonia Carzaniga, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Juan Marchetti, Lee Tuthill et Ruosi Zhang (Division du commerce des services et de l’investissement).
Foreword by the WTO Director-General
Trade is sometimes viewed as an economic activity that only favours larger companies. Certainly it is undeniable that trading internationally is often much more costly and difficult for micro, small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs). The smaller the business, the bigger the barriers can seem.
Conclusions
Micro firms and SMEs are heterogeneous by nature, ranging from small producers of non-tradable services to born-global suppliers of digital products, from lowproductivity farmers to producers of fine specialty crops, and from informal tailor shops to formal garment assembly factories.
Air transport liberalization: A world apart
International air transport has traditionally been the subject of extensive regulatory controls. Imagine a world in which prices, the number of seats, the number of flights, the types of aircraft, and the cities to be served are all decided by agreements between states, in which no third-party competition exists, in which strict national ownership rules are applied, and in which the only unknown parameter for airlines is the number of passengers who will turn up in the end. This is the “Bermuda II” type of agreement, which served as the model for the organization of the post-war international air industry, and whose features, only partially “eroded” over the years, still largely underpin the regulatory framework of the sector.