About the WTO
Costa Rica - Measures Concerning the Importation of Fresh Avocados from Mexico
Aug 2022
Dispute Reports
On 13 April 2022 the WTO circulated the panel report in the case brought by Mexico in “Costa Rica — Measures Concerning the Importation of Fresh Avocados from Mexico” (DS524).
The future of global value chains and the role of the WTO
Aug 2022
Working Paper
Disruptions to global value chains (GVCs) — caused by conflicts natural disasters and accidents that close transport routes — and that affect specific regions or sectors are not unusual. However in recent years and amid the Covid-19 pandemic they have become more frequent and severe. High profile sizeable and repeated disruptions raise pressing questions: Is the breakdown in many GVCs a temporary glitch or a permanent phenomenon? Have GVCs become endemically more accident prone and why? And if so are firms going to rely less on them? If a sustained withdrawal from GVCs occurs how will business models be reshaped and what will be the consequences for growth and inflation? How will the global trading system be affected? In short policymakers want to know what is the future of GVCs?
Implementing the WTO agreement on fisheries subsidies
Jul 2022
Book
The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies adopted at the 12th Ministerial Conference marks a major step forward for ocean sustainability by prohibiting harmful fisheries subsidies which are a key factor in the widespread depredation of the world’s fish stocks. Implementing the new disciplines will present challenges for many developing country members especially least-developed countries. The objective of this report is to examine existing bilateral and multilateral assistance in support of sustainable fisheries including how this may help countries meet obligations under the new Agreement.
The Impact of Geopolitical Conflicts on Trade, Growth, and Innovation
Jul 2022
Working Paper
Geopolitical conflicts have increasingly been a driver of trade policy. We study the potential effects of global and persistent geopolitical conflicts on trade technological innovation and economic growth. In conventional trade models the welfare costs of such conflicts are modest. We build a multi-sector multi-region general equilibrium model with dynamic sector-specific knowledge diffusion which magnifies welfare losses of trade conflicts. Idea diffusion is mediated by the input-output structure of production such that both sector cost shares and import trade shares characterize the source distribution of ideas.
Comparing different approaches to tackle the challenges of global carbon pricing
Jul 2022
Working Paper
Climate change mitigation faces two main policy challenges: the need for global cooperation to tackle the collective action problem and the need to share the burden of global carbon pricing fair way following the principle of common but differentiated responsibility (CBRD). In this paper we explore the best ways to incentivize regions to reduce their CO2 emissions while minimizing the welfare losses for low-income countries using simulations with a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model.
Preference utilization in the global economy
May 2022
Working Paper
This paper analyses the determinants of preference utilization using a novel WTO dataset that allows us to measure the underutilization of preferences across several importers exporters and products over time. Building on the previous literature we confirm that preference utilization is increasing with the size of exports preference margin and geographical and linguistic proximity. We find that utilization rates tend to be higher for reciprocal preferences compared to non-reciprocal preferences and that the incentive to use preferences increases with the share of competitors’ exports that is eligible for preferential treatment.
European Union - Safeguard Measures on Certain Steel Products
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
On 29 April 2022 the WTO circulated the panel report in the case brought by Turkey in “European Union — Safeguard Measures on Certain Steel Products” (DS595).
WTO Analytical Index: Anti-Dumping Agreement
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the Anti-Dumping.
WTO Analytical Index: Licensing Agreement
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the Licensing.
WTO Analytical Index: DSU
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the DSU.
WTO Analytical Index: GATT 1994
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the GATT 1994.
WTO Analytical Index: Trade Policy Review Mechanism
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the TPRM.
WTO Analytical Index: Agreement on Government Procurement (1994)
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the Procurement (1994).
WTO Analytical Index: TRIMs Agreement
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the TRIMs.
WTO Analytical Index: Rules of Conduct
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the Rules of Conduct.
WTO Analytical Index: Agreement on Agriculture
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the Agriculture.
WTO Analytical Index: International Dairy and Bovine Meat Agreements
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the International Dairy and Bovine Meat Agreements.
WTO Analytical Index: WTO Agreement
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the WTO Agreement.
WTO Analytical Index: Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the Aircraft.
WTO Analytical Index: Agreement on Pre-Shipment Inspection
Apr 2022
Dispute Reports
“The WTO Analytical Index" is an article-by-article guide to the interpretation and application of the WTO agreements by WTO bodies. It covers the jurisprudence of the WTO Appellate Body panels and arbitrators as well as related decisions and other significant actions taken by other relevant WTO bodies. This publication report covers the PSI.
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