Trade monitoring

En 2014, la División de Estudios Económicos y Estadística de la OMC organizó más de 20 actividades, muchas de ellas en colaboración con otras instituciones. Entre esas actividades cabe señalar una serie de conferencias de política general, la presentación del Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2014 –una de las publicaciones emblemáticas de la OMC–, y el tercer taller anual sobre el comercio, organizado conjuntamente por la OMC, el Banco Mundial y el FMI, además de diversos seminarios y talleres. Los economistas de la OMC presentaron los datos relativos al crecimiento del comercio mundial en 2014, así como sus previsiones para 2015 (véase la página 82).

Guyana’s improved economic performance since its last Review in 2003 came hand-in-hand with high prices for its main export products and significant reform efforts in various areas including the tax and investment regimes, competition policy and government procurement. Nevertheless, Guyana’s per capita income remains low by regional standards and additional reforms are needed to promote investment and thus development. Such reforms should include the expansion of the country’s economic infrastructure, particularly in the transport and energy sectors, as well as the further strengthening of governance and the regulatory environment. The latter requires improvements to, among others, customs procedures, SPS regime, fiscal incentives, and the protection of intellectual property rights. Technical assistance will continue to be instrumental to implement effectively these changes and to allow Guyana to participate more fully in the multilateral trading system.

En 2014, le Cadre intégré renforcé (CIR) a poursuivi son expansion, avec une augmentation du nombre de projets en cours dans les pays du CIR. À ce jour, 46 pays bénéficient d’une aide pour renforcer leurs institutions commerciales et surmonter les obstacles au commerce. La Somalie est le dernier PMA à avoir rejoint le CIR. Après une évaluation indépendante, le Comité directeur du CIR a prolongé le programme pour une deuxième phase, la première s’achevant en 2015. Au 31 décembre 2014, le CIR avait reçu des annonces de contributions d’un montant de 251 millions de dollars EU et des contributions d’environ 201 millions de dollars EU (contre 190 millions de dollars EU en 2013).

This Report has shown that it is important to distinguish standards according to their function. The conceptual framework adopted in the Report distinguished standards related to network externalities, imperfect information and negative production or consumption externalities.

Since its last review in 2007, Canada has taken steps to further improve the productivity and competitiveness of its economy, including through unilateral trade liberalization. There are some exceptions to Canada’s generally open trade and investment regimes, notably in agriculture and cultural sectors. The domestic market remains fragmented by, inter alia, barriers to internal trade and regulatory complexity, despite the implementation of an Agreement on Internal Trade between the Federal and sub-federal governments. Moreover, the Federal and provincial governments are still involved in economic (including commercial) activities, particularly through Crown corporations, marketing boards, and foreign investment reviews.