Trade monitoring
Théorie et mesure de la facilitation des échanges
Cette section présente d’abord un cadre conceptuel permettant de comprendre les effets économiques de la facilitation des échanges, c’est-à-dire comment l’amélioration des procédures commerciales réduit les coûts du commerce et comment cela influe sur la structure et le volume des échanges, l’allocation des ressources et le bien-être économique. Étant donné que la facilitation des échanges peut en principe être mise en oeuvre unilatéralement, la section examine les raisons pour lesquelles les pays voudraient qu’elle fasse l’objet d’un accord commercial multilatéral. Enfin, elle examine les indicateurs – des indicateurs restreints concernant les douanes aux indicateurs plus larges concernant la réglementation et l’infrastructure – qui ont été élaborés pour mesurer la facilitation des échanges et elle identifie celui ou ceux qui permettent le mieux d’estimer les avantages économiques découlant de la mise en oeuvre de l’Accord de l’OMC sur la facilitation des échanges (AFE).
Fonds pour l’application des normes et le développement du commerce
Le Fonds pour l’application des normes et le développement du commerce (STDF) a continué de participer à l’élaboration et à l’exécution de projets qui encouragent le respect des normes internationales en matière de sécurité sanitaire des produits alimentaires, de santé des animaux et de préservation des végétaux, et qui facilitent l’accès aux marchés. En 2015, les cinq organisations, dont l’OMC, qui administrent le STDF sont convenues d’une nouvelle stratégie quinquennale. En outre, le STDF a achevé ses recherches sur l’amélioration de la mise en oeuvre des contrôles sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS).
Jornada de los datos en la OMC
La primera “Jornada de los Datos” de la OMC tuvo lugar los días 18 y 19 de mayo de 2009. La finalidad de esta iniciativa interinstitucional es sensibilizar respecto de la importancia del uso y la interpretación de los datos estadísticos relacionados con el comercio, familiarizar a los usuarios con diversas aplicaciones de datos, destacar la constante necesidad de datos y promover la coherencia y la cooperación entre los organismos internacionales que gestionan datos.
Órgano de Apelación
En 2009 se presentaron ante el Órgano de Apelación tres apelaciones de informes de grupos especiales, de un total de cinco informes que podían haber sido objeto de apelación. Una de esas apelaciones estaba relacionada con procedimientos iniciales, y las dos restantes con procedimientos de grupos especiales incoados de conformidad con el párrafo 5 del artículo 21 (Vigilancia de la aplicación de las recomendaciones y resoluciones) del Entendimiento sobre Solución de Diferencias (ESD), relativos a casos en los que las partes discrepaban en cuanto a que la resolución del Grupo Especial inicial se hubiera aplicado adecuadamente.
Historical background and current trends
Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have been around for centuries – long before the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947. This section provides a broad overview of the evolution of these agreements. It begins with a historical account of the process towards greater openness and economic integration that started with the trade networks of the midnineteenth century. It identifies the multiple setbacks and reversals along the way, and finally portrays the different “waves” of agreements that have accompanied the multilateral trading system since its creation. It highlights that there has been a creative tension between regional and multilateral approaches which, although often complicated, has generally advanced trade openness and economic integration.
Budget, finance and administration
In 2011, the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration reviewed the budget proposal for the biennium 2012-2013 for the WTO and International Trade Centre (ITC) and discussed issues relating to members in lengthy arrears on contributions, the WTO building project and human resources matters.
Foreword
The World Trade Report 2007 is the fifth in a series launched in 2002. This year’s Report marks sixty years of multilateralism in trade through the GATT/WTO. On 1 January 1948 the GATT came into being with 23 signatories. Six decades on, at the beginning of next year, we celebrate a WTO with over 150 Members. This is an institution that has changed and grown in fascinating ways, striving to meet the challenges posed by increasingly complex trade relations in a globalizing world. The GATT/WTO has evolved from its comparatively modest focus in the early years on reducing and binding tariffs on manufactured goods to encompass a deeper and wider set of disciplines across a range of policy areas. At the same time, over sixty years the system has brought together a growing number of nations at different levels of development, with varied policy priorities, in a cooperative endeavour to forge an international trade policy regime that promises mutual gain.
Programa de Doha para el Desarrollo
El éxito logrado en la Novena Conferencia Ministerial de la OMC en diciembre de 2013 dio un nuevo impulso a la labor en el marco del Programa de Doha para el Desarrollo en 2014.
The challenges of convergence
Regulating trade opening is only one of the many challenges facing a rapidly integrating world economy. But it is also one where we already have a system that has shown resilience in the current crisis. Like all assets, what it needs is not just proper maintenance, but also investment in the future.
Composition of geographical and economic groupings
WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense of the word but are officially “customs territories”. The definition of geographical and other groupings in this report does not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreements. The colours, boundaries, denominations, and classifications in the maps of this publication do not imply, on the part of the WTO, any judgement on the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary.