Trade monitoring
Los aspectos económicos de las normas y el comercio
Vivimos en un mundo firmemente basado en normas de productos. Es posible enviar un fax a cualquier lugar del mundo porque los aparatos de fax obedecen a un protocolo común. Es posible compartir archivos informáticos porque los ordenadores utilizan modelos normalizados de equipo y programas informáticos. La necesidad de normas de productos no es nueva. Ya en tiempos bíblicos, la falta de un idioma común (normalizado) hizo estragos en la Torre de Babel (Shapiro, 2000). En tiempos más recientes, durante el gran incendio de Baltimore de 1904, los bomberos que acudieron de ciudades vecinas no pudieron luchar contra el fuego de manera eficaz porque sus mangueras no encajaban en las bocas de incendio de Baltimore.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Participation of developing economies in world trade
Developing economies recorded a decline in the value of merchandise trade for the second year in a row, with both exports and imports decreasing by 6 per cent in 2016. A surplus in global supply and a decline in prices for oil products continued to have an impact on the export of fuel products, an important sector for many developing economies. However, the decline recorded for merchandise trade was less severe than the -14 per cent recorded in 2015 for exports and -13 per cent recorded for imports. Merchandise exports from least-developed countries (LDCs) decreased by 6 per cent in 2016, resulting in a slight decline in their share of world merchandise exports, which now stands at 0.94 per cent.
Acknowledgements
This publication has been prepared under the direction of Hubert Escaith, Chief Statistician and Andreas Maurer, Chief, International Trade Statistics Section. The coordination and supervision of table, chart and map production of the report was done by Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, with the assistance of Coleman Nee and Anna-Sophia Fuss. Statistical research, data compilation and the preparation of estimates were conducted by Barbara d’Andrea-Adrian, Alejandra Barajas Barbosa, Sanja Blazevic, Lori Chang, Christophe Degain, Florian Eberth, Aude Lanois, Antonella Liberatore, Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, and Ying Yan.
Rapport du Secrétariat de l’OMC
Au cours de la période à l’examen (2015-2018), l’économie canadienne a été caractérisée par une croissance modérée du PIB, une inflation faible, un ratio de la dette du gouvernement fédéral au PIB relativement stable, un déficit du compte courant en baisse et une dépréciation du taux de change réel.