Trade monitoring
Bref historique
L’OMC a vu le jour le 1er janvier 1995, mais le système commercial a 50 ans de plus qu’elle. En effet, il était régi depuis 1948 par l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), qui portait essentiellement sur le commerce des marchandises, alors que l’OMC et ses accords couvrent aussi le commerce des services et celui des inventions, des créations et des dessins et modèles (propriété intellectuelle).
Definitions and methodology
Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses.
Globalization, structural change and productivity growth
One of the earliest and most central insights of the literature on economic development is that development entails structural change. The countries that manage to pull themselves out of poverty and get richer are those that are able to diversify away from agriculture and other traditional products. As labour and other resources move from agriculture into modern economic activities, overall productivity rises and incomes expand. The speed with which this structural transformation takes place is the key factor that differentiates successful countries from unsuccessful ones.