Trade monitoring
Importance croissante des pays en développement dans l’économie mondiale
Ces dernières années ont été marquées par le rôle de plus en plus important des économies en développement dans l’économie mondiale. Cette section examine comment, en dix ans, de nombreux pays sont parvenus à une croissance économique remarquable, tout en faisant reculer à grands pas la pauvreté. Certains de ces pays sont devenus d’importants producteurs et exportateurs de produits manufacturés, de produits agricoles et de services commerciaux, éclipsant parfois les pays industriels. Il s’agit, en particulier, des grandes économies en développement qui se sont imposées dans des enceintes internationales comme le G-20.
WTO secretariat and budget
The WTO Secretariat, with offices in Geneva, has 629 regular staff and is headed by Director-General Pascal Lamy. Since decisions are taken by members, the Secretariat has no decision-making powers. Its main duties are to supply technical and professional support for the various councils and committees, to provide technical assistance for developing countries, to monitor and analyze developments in world trade, to provide information to the public and the media and to organize the ministerial conferences. The Secretariat also provides some forms of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and advises governments wishing to become members of the WTO.
Concluding remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body
This joint Trade Policy Review was a very useful opportunity for Members to deepen their understanding of the economic, trade, and investment policies of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. I would like to thank the two delegations led by the State Secretary for Economic Affairs Mrs. Marie- Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, for Switzerland, and Ambassador Peter Matt, for Liechtenstein, our discussant Ambassador David Walker, and the more than 50 delegations that took the floor for their valuable contributions.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
At the time of its last Trade Policy Review, in April 2009, the European Union (EU) was in deep economic recession. In spite of intensified protectionist pressures, the EU maintained the overall openness and transparency of its trade and investment regime. Given the EU’s leadership position as the world’s largest trader, its decision to refrain from tightening restrictions on imports in response to the crisis had a stabilizing effect on the multilateral trading system. Nonetheless, some long-standing barriers to market access and other measures that distort international competition remain in place. The EU has a significant interest in undertaking further trade and investment liberalization, in line with its recognition that an open trade regime is vital to enhance external competitiveness and economic growth.
Perspectivas de cooperación comercial multilateral
En la presente sección se examina la pertinencia de las actuales normas comerciales, así como la necesidad de nuevos enfoques de la cooperación a nivel comercial, a la luz de las fuerzas que están reconfigurando actualmente el comercio internacional. Se señala que será necesario que el sistema multilateral de comercio, como lo ha hecho reiteradamente en el pasado, se adapte a los acontecimientos que están teniendo lugar en el comercio y en el entorno comercial, y se examinan propuestas encaminadas a actualizar el programa y la gobernanza de la OMC. La sección comienza con una breve reseña de los principales acontecimientos comerciales en el contexto socioeconómico más amplio, en particular, la aparición de las cadenas mundiales de suministro, el desplazamiento general del poder comercial de Occidente hacia Asia y otras economías emergentes, así como la evolución de la naturaleza, la composición y la dirección del comercio. A continuación se destacan algunos de los principales desafíos con que se enfrenta la OMC y la forma en que podrían encararse.
Trade developments in 2012 and early 2013
World trade growth fell to 2.0 per cent in 2012 from 5.2 per cent in 2011, and remained sluggish in the opening months of 2013 as the economic slowdown in Europe suppressed global import demand. The abrupt deceleration of trade in 2012 was mainly attributable to slow growth in developed economies and recurring bouts of uncertainty over the future of the euro. Flagging output and high unemployment in developed countries reduced imports and fed through to a lower pace of export growth in both developed and developing economies. More positive economic developments in the United States in the early months of 2013 were offset by lingering weakness in the European Union, as peripheral euro area economies continued to struggle and even core euro area economies increasingly felt the impact of the downturn in the region.
Trade Liberalization and the Hukou System of the People’s Republic of China: How Migration Frictions Can Amplify the Unequal Gains from Trade
The emergence of the People’s Republic of China as a great economic power has stimulated an epochal shift in patterns of world trade, in contradiction to the conventional wisdom regarding the impact of trade on labor markets in developed countries (Autor, Dorn, and Hanson 2016). The global effects of the People’s Republic of China’s trade and economic growth has been widely documented (Autor, Dorn, and Hanson 2013; Bugamelli, Fabiani, and Sette 2015; Balsvik, Jensen, and Salvanes 2015; Giovanni, Levchenko, and Zhang 2014; Hsieh and Ossa 2011), reshaping our understanding of the consequences of trade for wages, unemployment, and other labor market outcomes.
Informe del Ecuador
Una vez que los efectos de la crisis internacional de los años 2008-2009 empezaron a disiparse, el Ecuador experimentó diferentes dinámicas de crecimiento en su economía, registrando una variación promedio anual del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) para el período 2010–2014 del 5.2%, superior al promedio de Latinoamérica en ese mismo periodo (3.5%, según datos de CEPAL), alcanzando en términos nominales un tamaño de la economía de 101.726 millones de dólares EE.UU. en el año 2014.