Trade monitoring
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Conseil général
En 2016, le Conseil général de l’OMC a supervisé la mise en oeuvre des décisions prises aux Conférences ministérielles de Bali et de Nairobi et a suivi l’avancement des négociations commerciales sur la base des rapports du Directeur général. Il a également examiné les progrès accomplis dans le cadre du programme de travail sur le commerce électronique. En décembre, le Conseil général a approuvé l’établissement de deux nouveaux groupes de travail chargés des accessions de la Somalie et du Timor-Leste. Il a décidé que la onzième Conférence ministérielle se tiendrait à Buenos Aires (Argentine) en décembre 2017.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of The Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr. Mario Matus and He. Mr. Eduardo Muñoz Gómez at The Trade Policy Review of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 25 and 27 January 2012
This first Trade Policy Review of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has given us a better understanding of the evolution of its trade and related policies since its accession to the WTO in 2005, and enabled us collectively to measure the challenges it faces in maintaining its economic prosperity. Our discussion has proved more engaging thanks to the full and open participation of the Saudi delegation, led by H.E. Dr. Tawfiq Al-Rabiah, Minister of Commerce and Industry, and by the insightful remarks made by the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Joakim Reiter of Sweden, as well as the active participation by numerous Members.
Composition, definitions & methodology
WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense of the word but are officially “customs territories”. The definition of geographical and other groupings in this report does not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreements. The colours, boundaries, denominations, and classifications in the maps of this publication do not imply, on the part of the WTO, any judgement on the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary.
The Rise of the People’s Republic of China and Its Competition Effects on Innovation in Japan
As a reaction to import competition from low-wage economies, firms in developed economies would respond by upgrading their innovative activities, leading to so-called defensive skill-biased innovation. In this chapter, we examine this “defensive innovation” hypothesis, which was first discussed in Wood (1994) and subsequently formalized in Thoenig and Verdier (2003). In a broader context, the effect of competition on the rate of innovation has been one of the most studied areas in the literature (e.g., Aghion et al. 2005). In the study most relevant to our work, Bloom, Draca, and Van Reenen (2016) found that a large sample of European firms increased a wide range of their innovative activities (patenting, research and development [R&D] expenditures, computer use, and total factor productivity growth), driven by intensified competition from the People’s Republic of China. This innovation was conducted within-firm.