Trade monitoring
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Avant-propos du Directeur général de l’OMC
L’histoire du progrès économique est indissociable du changement économique. C’est une histoire marquée par l’essor et le déclin d’industries entières, avec l’arrivée d’idées nouvelles et d’innovations qui exigent de nouvelles compétences. Ce processus de transformation incessant a façonné l’économie mondiale actuelle, apportant plus de prospérité à des milliards de personnes dans le monde – et faisant de la capacité d’ajustement et d’adaptation un élément essentiel du succès économique. Aujourd’hui, comme hier, les individus, les entreprises et les sociétés s’efforcent de s’adapter à l’évolution rapide des conditions économiques afin de bénéficier des avantages qui en découlent. Ce qui diffère maintenant, c’est la vitesse remarquable à laquelle ces changements se produisent.
Aid for Trade
The Third Global Review of Aid for Trade, held on 18-19 July 2011, showed that traderelated assistance has helped to alleviate poverty by increasing export performance and employment. In 2009, Aid for Trade commitments reached approximately US$ 40 billion, a 60 per cent increase from the 2002-05 baseline period. However, the review also highlighted the need to measure the effectiveness of Aid for Trade and to ensure that it is always compatible with the goals of sustainable development.
Report by Japan
The Japanese economy, which had been in an expansionary phase since March 2009, was temporarily stagnated by the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, mainly due to a sharp decline in production and private consumption. After that, the economy picked up as the supply chains of production activities were gradually re-established. In the first half of 2012, the Japanese economy was on the way to recovery at a moderate pace mainly driven by domestic demand including reconstruction demand, although it has sounded a weak tone recently due to the deceleration of the world economy. Regarding prices, the Japanese economy is in a mild deflationary phase, although the tempo of deflation has been slower.
Cooperación con las instituciones académicas
La OMC solicitó la presentación de ofertas para la próxima fase del Programa de Cátedras OMC, que empezará en 2014. Se celebró la conferencia anual del programa y las Cátedras participaron en el Examen Global de la iniciativa de la Ayuda para el Comercio. La cooperación de la OMC con las instituciones académicas se centró en 2013 en la consolidación de los proyectos emprendidos por las universidades participantes en el Programa de Cátedras. En 2013 se realizaron 29 actividades dirigidas a ayudar a las instituciones académicas a ejecutar determinados proyectos e iniciativas.
Composición, definiciones y metodología
Los datos de este informe se han obtenido de diversas fuentes. En este capítulo se explica cómo se han compilado y presentado estos datos.