Trade monitoring
What we stand for
Simple, fundamental principles form the foundations of the multilateral trading system. These principles have lain at the core of all WTO activities since its creation in 1995.
Who we are
The WTO is run by its member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly at the WTO’s headquarters in Geneva). Decisions are normally taken by consensus. The WTO Secretariat coordinates the activities of the WTO.
Prefacio
El Mecanismo de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (MEPC), establecido a título experimental por las partes contratantes del GATT en abril de 1989, se ha convertido en un elemento permanente de la Organización Mundial del Comercio en virtud del Acuerdo de Marrakech por el que se estableció esta Organización en enero de 1995.
Report by Brazil
The Brazilian Government is pleased to submit its eighth Trade Policy Report to WTO Members. Brazil considers this periodic review mechanism as a key element of the multilateral trading system embodied in the WTO, contributing to a more transparent and comprehensive understanding of Members’ trade policies and regulatory frameworks.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Mexican economy experienced a severe downturn starting in mid-2018, followed by a slight contraction in real GDP in 2019 due in particular to a fall in gross capital formation, a reduction in public spending and a slowdown in private consumption. In 2020, the economy was badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused GDP to shrink by 8.2% during the year. In 2021, the Mexican economy rebounded, with GDP growth of around 4.8%, thanks in large part to the measures adopted to deal with the pandemic, which were aimed primarily at assisting the hardest-hit families and businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. These measures include the opening of facilities to provide an adequate level of liquidity, incentives for the restructuring of bank loans and the implementation of social programmes and business support programmes, such as the Financial Support Programme for Family-Run Microenterprises.
Report by WTO Secretariat
Located in the Horn of Africa, Djibouti is a least developed country (LDC) and has been classified by the World Bank as a lower-middle-income country. It had a gross national income per capita of USD 5,610 in 2020. Its geographical location, port infrastructure and political stability make it a major maritime hub and have prompted several countries to establish military bases there. Revenue from the bases and from port activities has fostered the emergence of a modern segment of the economy that coexists with a large informal sector. However, the high cost of production factors and the strong presence of public companies continue to hinder the country’s economic development. Given Djibouti’s narrow production base, international trade is fundamental for the country, which relies almost exclusively on imports to meet its domestic demand for most goods and some services. Thanks to the infrastructure (especially ports), re-exports far outstrip exports.
Report by Djibouti
The Republic of Djibouti is a State in the Horn of Africa, located on the Red Sea and bordered to the north by Eritrea, to the north-west, west and south by Ethiopia, and to the south-east by Somalia. The territory is delimited by 370 kilometres of coastline, the population is estimated to be 1 million and the country has no natural resources.
Introduction
Le Mécanisme d’examen des politiques commerciales (MEPC) a été établi à titre expérimental par les parties contractantes du GATT en avril 1989. Il est devenu un élément permanent de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce en vertu de l’Accord de Marrakech qui a institué cette organisation en janvier 1995.
Rapport du Secrétariat de l’OMC
Situé dans la corne de l’Afrique, Djibouti est un pays moins avancé (PMA), à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure, selon le classement de la Banque Mondiale. Son Revenu national brut par habitant était de 5 610 dollars EU en 2020. Sa situation géographique, ses infrastructures portuaires et sa stabilité politique en font un important carrefour maritime et y ont favorisé l’installation de bases militaires par plusieurs pays. Les revenus découlant des bases militaires et des activités portuaires ont favorisé l’émergence d’un segment moderne de l’économie qui cohabite avec un large secteur informel. Cependant, les coûts élevés des facteurs de production et la forte présence d’entreprises publiques continuent de retarder le développement économique du pays. Du fait de l’étroitesse de sa base de production, le commerce international joue un rôle incontournable pour Djibouti qui recourt presqu’exclusivement aux importations pour satisfaire sa demande nationale de la plupart des biens et certains services. Favorisées par les infrastructures (portuaires surtout), les réexportations dominent largement les exportations.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Report by United States
As we undergo our fifteenth trade policy review, the United States affirms that our priorities at the WTO and in the global trading system are more important than ever. We are leveraging our core values of fairness, inclusivity, growth, and sustainability to navigate the myriad complex challenges we find ourselves in today: a pandemic response, violent conflict initiated by one WTO Member against another, supply chain shortages, and environmental concerns.
Report by the Secretariat
The United States has a large economy that is highly integrated with the rest of the world. After a period of stable economic growth in 2018 and 2019, when real GDP expanded by 2.9% and 2.3%, respectively, the U.S. economy suffered the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Real GDP contracted by 3.4% in 2020 after 11 consecutive years of expansion. The economy experienced a rapid rebound in 2021, aided by the support packages put in place by the Government and by an easing of monetary conditions. This led to a real GDP growth rate of 5.7% in 2021.
Rapport de Djibouti
La République de Djibouti est un état de la Corne de l’Afrique, située sur la mer Rouge et bordée au nord par l’Erythrée, au nord-ouest, à l’ouest et au sud par l’Ethiopie, et au sud-est par la Somalie. La superficie du territoire est limitée avec 370 kilomètres de façade maritime, la population est estimée à un million d’habitants et le pays ne dispose pas de ressources naturelles.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.