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Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Republic of Moldova is a small, open, landlocked, upper-middle-income country. The services sector dominates the economy, accounting for 64% of GDP, while agriculture continues to play an important role as well (accounting for 12% of GDP and around 21% of employment), particularly in rural areas. Remittances represented nearly 15% of GDP in 2021, and the population has continued to decline as relatively young workers emigrate. The Republic of Moldova is dependent on imports of fossil fuels (including gas, which is also used to generate electricity), while state-owned enterprises continue to play an important role in the economy, particularly in terms of employment.
Observaciones formuladas a modo de conclusión por la Presidenta, Excma. Sra. Dra. Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme de Botswana, en nombre del actual Presidente del Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales, Excmo. Sr. Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez de México, en la reunión de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales de México celebrada los días 5 y 7 de octubre de 2022.
Este séptimo examen de las políticas comerciales ha ofrecido una excelente oportunidad para examinar los principales cambios de las políticas comerciales y de inversión de México y las dificultades que se han planteado en relación con estas desde que se realizó el último examen en 2017. Quiero dar las gracias a la Subsecretaria de Comercio Exterior de la Secretaría de Economía, Excma. Sra. Luz María de la Mora Sánchez, que ha viajado de México, así como al Embajador Ángel Villalobos y al resto de la delegación de México, por su activa participación en este examen. Asimismo, me gustaría dar las gracias a nuestra ponente, la Excma. Sra. Embajadora Clare Kelly (Nueva Zelandia) por su valiosa contribución.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of Brazil, 23 and 25 November 2022.
The eighth Trade Policy Review of Brazil has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our understanding of recent developments in, and challenges to, its trade, economic, and investment policies. Since its seventh TPR in 2017, Brazil’s initiatives to maintain its participation in the Multilateral Trading System and take advantage of the opportunities it offers were greatly appreciated. Indeed, the 958 advance written questions submitted by 38 Members and the 51 delegations that took the floor during the first and second day underline the importance attached by Members to Brazil’s trade and investment policies and practices.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson, H.E. Dr Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme of Botswana, acting on behalf of the current Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr Ángel Villalobos Rodríguez of Mexico, at the Trade Policy Review of Mexico, 5 and 7 October 2022.
This seventh Trade Policy Review has provided an excellent opportunity to review the main developments in, and challenges of, Mexico’s trade and investment policies since its last Review in 2017. I would like to thank Undersecretary for Foreign Trade at the Secretariat of Economy, the Hon. Ms Luz María de la Mora Sánchez, who has travelled from Mexico, and Ambassador Ángel Villalobos and the rest of the Mexican delegation for their active engagement in this Review. I would also like to thank our discussant, Ambassador Clare Kelly of New Zealand, for her valuable contribution.
Informe de México
Este Séptimo Examen de las Políticas Comerciales de México se enmarca en un periodo de alta inestabilidad económica internacional. Nuestro país, como una economía abierta y con fuertes lazos económicos con la comunidad internacional, se ha visto afectado por los efectos negativos de dicho entorno.
Qui nous sommes
L’OMC est dirigée par les gouvernements Membres. Toutes les grandes décisions sont prises par l’ensemble des Membres, soit au niveau des ministres (qui se réunissent normalement au moins tous les deux ans) soit au niveau des ambassadeurs ou des délégués (qui se rencontrent régulièrement au siège de l’OMC, à Genève). Les décisions sont normalement prises par consensus. Le Secrétariat de l’OMC coordonne les activités de l’Organisation.
Ce que nous défendons
Des principes fondamentaux simples sont à la base du système commercial multilatéral. Ces principes sont au coeur de toutes les activités de l’OMC depuis sa création en 1995.
Introduction
The overall objective of the WTO is to help its members use trade as a means to raise living standards, create jobs and improve people’s lives. The WTO operates the global system of trade rules and helps developing economies build their trade capacity. It also provides a forum for its members to negotiate trade agreements and to resolve the trade problems they face with each other.
What we do
The WTO operates the global system of trade rules, guaranteeing WTO member governments important trade rights.
What we stand for
Simple, fundamental principles form the foundations of the multilateral trading system. These principles have lain at the core of all WTO activities since its creation in 1995.
Who we are
The WTO is run by its member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly at the WTO’s headquarters in Geneva). Decisions are normally taken by consensus. The WTO Secretariat coordinates the activities of the WTO.
Prefacio
El Mecanismo de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (MEPC), establecido a título experimental por las partes contratantes del GATT en abril de 1989, se ha convertido en un elemento permanente de la Organización Mundial del Comercio en virtud del Acuerdo de Marrakech por el que se estableció esta Organización en enero de 1995.
Report by Brazil
The Brazilian Government is pleased to submit its eighth Trade Policy Report to WTO Members. Brazil considers this periodic review mechanism as a key element of the multilateral trading system embodied in the WTO, contributing to a more transparent and comprehensive understanding of Members’ trade policies and regulatory frameworks.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Mexican economy experienced a severe downturn starting in mid-2018, followed by a slight contraction in real GDP in 2019 due in particular to a fall in gross capital formation, a reduction in public spending and a slowdown in private consumption. In 2020, the economy was badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused GDP to shrink by 8.2% during the year. In 2021, the Mexican economy rebounded, with GDP growth of around 4.8%, thanks in large part to the measures adopted to deal with the pandemic, which were aimed primarily at assisting the hardest-hit families and businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. These measures include the opening of facilities to provide an adequate level of liquidity, incentives for the restructuring of bank loans and the implementation of social programmes and business support programmes, such as the Financial Support Programme for Family-Run Microenterprises.