Trade monitoring
Tendencias históricas
En este capítulo se proporciona información estadística adicional para ayudar a entender las tendencias del comercio de mercancías y del comercio de servicios comerciales.
Importancia creciente de los países en desarrollo en la economía mundial
Una de las características más sobresalientes de la economía mundial durante los últimos años ha sido el papel cada vez más importante que han desempeñado las economías en desarrollo. En esta sección se examina el modo en que muchos países han registrado un crecimiento económico impresionante durante el último decenio, logrando avances notables en la lucha contra la pobreza. Algunos de esos países son ahora productores y exportadores punteros de productos manufacturados, productos agropecuarios y servicios comerciales, en algunos casos eclipsando a economías industrializadas. Ese es el caso en especial de las grandes economías en desarrollo, que han pasado a ocupar lugares más destacados en foros internacionales tales como el G-20.
Concluding remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, Ms. Irene Young of Hong Kong, China at the Trade Policy Review of China, 20 and 22 July 2016
This Trade Policy Review has provided an excellent opportunity for us to better understand China’s trade and investment policies. I would like to thank, once again, Vice Minister Wang Shouwen and his delegation for their constructive engagement throughout this exercise. I would also like to thank our discussant, Ambassador McCormick, for his insightful remarks; and the more than 60 delegations which had taken the floor for their active participation.
Foreword
This volume is a joint project of the International Labour Office and the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization. The International Chamber of Commerce Research Foundation provided funding, for which we would like to express our appreciation. This work follows up on two prior joint publications by the ILO and the WTO Secretariats – a review of the literature on trade and employment in 2007 and a report on the linkages between trade and informal employment in 2009.
Comprendre l'OMC
Il y a plusieurs manières de considérer l’Organisation mondiale du commerce. C'est une organisation qui s'occupe de l'ouverture commerciale. C'est une enceinte où les gouvernements négocient des accords commerciaux. C'est un lieu où ils règlent leurs différends commerciaux. C'est une organisation qui administre un ensemble de règles commerciales. L'OMC est essentiellement un lieu où les gouvernements Membres tentent de régler les problèmes commerciaux qui les opposent.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Zimbabwe’s renewed commitment to fiscal discipline and its de facto adoption of the U.S. dollar as legal tender as a result of the implementation of its multi-currency system in February 2009 have brought some encouraging signs towards macroeconomic stabilization. Nevertheless, Zimbabwe’s economy is still in a fragile state with high unemployment, depleted international reserves, and unsustainably high external debt, including a major accrual of arrears. A fractious socio-political environment, combined with a controversial land reform and measures in favour of indigenization, has triggered the withdrawal of support from the international community and cast a shadow over property rights, thereby undermining the business environment, with a devastating impact on Zimbabwe’s economic performance and social indicators over the past decade.
Message from Director-General Roberto Azevêdo
Following the success of the 10th WTO Ministerial Conference in Nairobi in December 2015, we saw a significant rise in engagement in many areas of our work in 2016. The year was defined by robust discussion among members on a wide range of issues and a notable rise in interest from other stakeholders.
Tendances du commerce mondial: Regard sur les dix dernières années
La croissance du volume du commerce mondial des marchandises a ralenti en 2016 pour s’établir à 1,3%, contre 2,6% en 2015 car le marasme persistant de l’économie mondiale et la faiblesse des prix des produits de base ont eu un effet négatif sur la demande mondiale d’importations.
Commerce des marchandises
Au cours des quatre réunions qu’il a tenues en 2012, le Conseil du commerce des marchandises a approuvé plusieurs demandes de dérogations, individuelles et collectives, notamment la prorogation de la dérogation concernant le Système de certification du processus de Kimberley pour les diamants bruts, l’harmonisation en cours des listes tarifaires et les droits de douane appliqués par l’Union européenne à certains produits en provenance du Pakistan. Il a également examiné une série de préoccupations commerciales soulevées par les Membres.
Least-developed countries
Merchandise exports of the leastdeveloped countries (LDCs) contracted by 25 per cent in 2015, exceeding the decline recorded in 2014.
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr Juan Carlos González of Colombia at the Trade Policy Review of Cambodia, 21 and 23 November 2017
The second Trade Policy Review of Cambodia has offered us a good opportunity to deepen our understanding of recent developments, the achievements and challenges related to Cambodia’s trade, economic, and investment policies. Cambodia plays an important and a valued role in the WTO as a Member of the LDC group that has strived for the group’s better integration into the multilateral trading system. The more than 147 advance written questions submitted by 14 Members and the 24 delegations that took the floor underline the importance attached to Cambodia’s trade and investment policies and practices.
Fondo para la Aplicación de Normas y el Fomento del Comercio
El Fondo para la Aplicación de Normas y el Fomento del Comercio (STDF) –el instrumento de la Ayuda para el Comercio que ayuda a los países en desarrollo a aplicar las normas sanitarias y fitosanitarias– siguió centrando su labor en lograr una mayor sensibilización, movilizar recursos, reforzar la colaboración y definir y difundir buenas prácticas para aumentar la eficacia de la cooperación técnica en el ámbito sanitario y fitosanitario. Asimismo, proporcionó apoyo y financiación para la formulación y ejecución de proyectos orientados al cumplimiento de los requisitos sanitarios y fitosanitarios internacionales. Según un examen independiente del Fondo, “los resultados son impresionantes y demuestran el funcionamiento eficaz del STDF”.
A global membership
Four countries joined the WTO in 2012: Montenegro, Russia, Samoa and Vanuatu. WTO membership expanded to 159 in early 2013 following the accession of Laos and Tajikistan. WTO members account for 97 per cent of global trade.
Exámenes de las políticas comerciales
En 2012, el Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (OEPC) examinó las políticas de 26 Miembros de la OMC: Reino de la Arabia Saudita, Bangladesh, Burundi, China, Colombia, República de Corea Côte d’Ivoire, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Estados Unidos, Filipinas, Guinea-Bissau, Islandia, Israel, Kenya, Estado de Kuwait, Nepal, Nicaragua, Noruega, Rwanda, Singapur, Tanzanía, Togo, Trinidad y Tabago, Turquía, Uganda y Uruguay. Los informes por países y las observaciones formuladas por el Presidente a modo de conclusión en las reuniones del OEPC figuran en el sitio Web de la OMC. El OEPC también empezó a aplicar las recomendaciones de la cuarta evaluación del Mecanismo de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (MEPC).
The Trade Facilitation Agreement and its impacts on the Brazilian transformation industry
The WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation (TFA) will have a great impact on and could unlock important potential for the Brazilian transformation industry. As a developing country, Brazil would have to make significant changes in its legislation in order to adopt a single window (“Portal Único”) for exporters and importers. This chapter concludes that the TFA will have a positive impact on the Brazilian economy in the years to come. Indeed, as Brazil is one of the world’s 10 largest economies, its Portal Único Programme has the potential, once fully implemented, to produce significant impacts on the Brazilian economy, increasing GDP by nearly US$ 70 billion per year in the long term. Empirical analyses in this chapter also suggest that the reduction of transaction costs may have positive effects not only for Brazil but also for many other WTO members.
Minutes of the TPRB meeting
The Chairperson welcomed members of the Trade Policy Review Body to the ninth Review of the United States. He greeted the delegation of the United States led by H.E. Ambassador Peter Allgeier, Permanent Representative to the WTO, and the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Claudia Uribe (Colombia). The discussant had made available, in document WT/TPR/D/175, the main issues she intended to raise.