Trade monitoring
Évolution historique
Ce chapitre fournit des renseignements statistiques supplémentaires qui aident à mieux comprendre l'évolution du commerce des marchandises et du commerce des services commerciaux.
Commerce des services
Le Conseil du commerce des services a axé une grande partie de ses travaux sur le commerce électronique. Les Membres de l’OMC ont échangé des renseignements et examiné une proposition de séminaire sur les aspects de cette question relatifs aux services. Un séminaire a également été proposé pour examiner les obstacles à la circulation transfrontières des personnes en vue de la fourniture de services (mode 4). Le Conseil a poursuivi l’examen de la dérogation concernant les services, qui permet d’accorder un traitement plus favorable aux pays les moins avancés.
Comercio y medio ambiente
En 2009, el Comité de Comercio y Medio Ambiente – reunido en sesión ordinaria — se centró en el efecto de las medidas medioambientales en el acceso a los mercados, especialmente para los países en desarrollo. El Comité prestó una atención especial a las situaciones triplemente favorables en que la eliminación o reducción de las restricciones y distorsiones del comercio pueden beneficiar al comercio, al medio ambiente y al desarrollo. En junio de 2009 las Secretarías de la OMC y del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUM A) publicaron un informe conjunto titulado El comercio y el cambio climático. La Secretaría de la OMC organizó a lo largo del año tres talleres regionales sobre comercio y medio ambiente.
Examens des politiques commerciales
En 2010, l'Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales (OEPC) a procédé à l'examen de 17 Membres de l'OMC : Malaisie, El Salvador, Croatie, Arménie, Albanie, République populaire de Chine, Malawi, Territoire douanier distinct de Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen et Matsu (Taipei chinois), Gambie, Honduras, États-Unis, Bénin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Sri Lanka, Belize, Papouasie-Nouvelle- Guinée, République démocratique du Congo et Hong Kong, Chine. Les remarques finales du Président relatives à ces examens sont reproduites ci-après.
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
20 years of the WTO
The WTO began life on 1 January 1995, succeeding the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which had regulated world trade since 1948. Over the past 20 years, the WTO has made a major contribution to the strength and stability of the global economy, helping to boost trade growth, resolve numerous trade disputes and support the integration of developing countries into the trading system.
General Council
In 2010 the General Council continued to oversee the progress of the Doha Round negotiations on the basis of reports from the Director-General in his capacity as Chair of the Trade Negotiations Committee. The General Council also reviewed the various accession negotiations, and heard a report by the Director-General on the development assistance aspects of cotton and a review of progress by Deputy Director-General Harsha Singh on the work programme on electronic commerce. In addition, regular reports were received from the Committee on Trade and Development on small economies. Some of the other matters considered by the General Council in 2010 are listed below.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Trade, debt and finance
Senior WTO officials continued to work with multilateral development banks to facilitate the provision of trade finance, particularly for developing countries. A decision by the Basel Committee to modify leverage rules in order to support trade was hailed by Director-General Roberto Azevêdo as “good news for developing countries”. The WTO Working Group on Trade, Debt and Finance continued its examination of the relationship between exchange rates and trade.
Contact with the business community
The WTO’s annual Public Forum attracted a significant increase in business representatives in 2015, showing the strong interest of business groups and companies in contributing to the debate about WTO activities. The business community was also well-represented at the Tenth Ministerial Conference in Nairobi. Twenty-three of the non-governmental organizations accredited for the event were business organizations.
Merchandise trade and trade in commercial services
World merchandise exports fell by 3 per cent in 2016 in value terms. This decrease was mostly caused by the continuing decline in exports of fuels and mining products (-14 per cent in 2016). The marked decline in commodity prices in 2015 mostly halted in 2016, with the exception of energy prices. The export prices of all other major commodity groups, apart from food and beverages, decreased slightly but the decline was less than in 2015.
Report by Samoa
The Treaty establishing the East African Community (EAC) came into force on 7 July 2000, thus a new beginning of the revived EAC. The EAC has six partner States, namely, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The EAC Customs Union came into force on 1 January 2005 and the Common Market on 1 July 2010. English is the official language of communication within the community policy structures.
Asuntos presupuestarios, financieros y administrativos
En 2012 finalizaron las obras de construcción del anexo de la sede de la OMC en Ginebra, con lo que por primera vez todos los funcionarios están reunidos bajo un mismo techo. El Comité de Asuntos Presupuestarios, Financieros y Administrativos examinó periódicamente la situación presupuestaria y financiera de la Organización, los atrasos en el pago de contribuciones de los Miembros y observadores, la gestión de los recursos humanos y el Plan de Pensiones de la OMC.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Guinea’s economy is based on the mining sector (26 per cent of GDP, including processing bauxite into alumina) and agriculture (20 per cent), the former providing 95 per cent of export earnings, and the latter the remainder. Exports’ share of GDP rose from 34 per cent in 2005 to 41 per cent in 2009, highlighting the strong global demand for bauxite, diamonds and gold, and the weakness of the other sectors in Guinea’s economy. In 2011, substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) in the production of alumina and iron ore was planned, together with two port extensions. This investment is for an amount comparable to the country’s annual GDP. It is therefore vital to introduce appropriate macroeconomic policies, including trade policies, so as to prevent the strong inflationary trends which such investment might cause.
Trade and development
In 2012, the Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) pressed ahead with implementing the work programme on electronic commerce. Other issues discussed by the CTD and its Sub-Committee on Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) included accelerating and easing LDC accessions, capacity-building initiatives, market access for LDCs and technical assistance.
Accession à l’OMC
Les Seychelles et le Kazakhstan sont devenus respectivement le 161e et le 162e Membre de l’OMC en 2015. En décembre, la dixième Conférence ministérielle a approuvé l’ensemble des textes relatifs à l’accession à l’OMC du Libéria et de l’Afghanistan, qui deviendront Membres après avoir ratifié leurs protocoles d’accession. Avec ces nouvelles accessions, l’OMC se rapproche de son objectif d’universalité, les Membres actuels représentant 98 % du commerce mondial.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr. Manuel A.J. Teehankee of the Philippines at the Trade Policy Review of Trinidad and Tobago, 22 and 24 May 2019
The fourth Trade Policy Review of Trinidad and Tobago has indeed offered us a better understanding of trade and economic developments in the country over the past seven years. I would like to thank the Trinidad and Tobago delegation, led by H.E. Senator Paula Gopee-Scoon, Minister of Trade and Industry, for her constructive engagement throughout this Review. I would also like to thank the discussant, H.E. Ambassador Michael Gaffey of Ireland, for his insightful remarks, and all the delegations that took the floor for their valuable contributions. The more than 200 questions submitted by 15 Members, and the interventions by 23 delegations underline the importance attached by WTO Members to Trinidad and Tobago’s trade and investment policies and practices.