Trade monitoring
Incidence de la technologie sur l’évolution du marché du travail
Cette section examine les effets de la technologie sur le niveau et la composition de l’emploi et des salaires. En augmentant la productivité des facteurs de production, le progrès technologique repousse la frontière des possibilités de production d’une économie, de sorte que la même quantité de produits peut être obtenue avec moins de ressources, ou une plus grande quantité avec les mêmes ressources.
Executive summary
On 1 January 2008 the multilateral trading system will celebrate its sixtieth anniversary. The World Trade Report 2007 marks the occasion with a retrospective look at what we have learned from those six decades of international trade cooperation. In asking this question, the report reviews a rich history of change and institutional adaptation. It attempts to identify both what lessons are to be drawn from past experience and the nature of challenges to come. This is an ambitious undertaking, and we have divided the Chapter into three main sections. The first major Section (Section B) begins with a very brief historical review of what the trade policy world looked like in the century and a half before the birth of the GATT. The rest of this Section takes a step back from events to consider what the theoretical literature might teach us about why nations choose to cooperate with one another in trade matters. This is an eclectic review that draws on perspectives from economics, political economy, political science and international relations literature, as well as legal analysis. We seek to show that despite differences in their methodological approach, these different conceptual frameworks display some interesting features in common. They also offer a variety of different insights about what might drive cooperation.
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Overview of developments in the international trading environment
WTO Members agreed in Doha in November 2001 to put in place a comprehensive agenda for negotiation and future work, the Doha Development Agenda (DDA). The agreed agenda aims at further strengthening and liberalizing the multilateral trading system, including by dealing with unfinished business on market access. Members also welcomed the Peoples’ Republic of China and Chinese Taipei as the 143rd and 144th Members of the WTO. Both of these successes boosted confidence in the commitment of Members to cooperate within the multilateral trading system, particularly in support of the further participation of developing countries in the system. In this context it is worth noting that developing countries that have increased their integration into the world economy do better in growth and income-per-capita terms than those whose integration has lagged; it is realized by many, including least-developed countries (LDCs), that openness and participation in the rules-based system provides a stimulus to competition and more efficient resource allocation, in furtherance of growth and development objectives. Success in the DDA will support these objectives.
Acuerdos comerciales regionales
El Comité de Acuerdos Comerciales Regionales (CACR) comenzó a examinar las implicaciones de los ACR para el sistema multilateral de comercio, según lo prescrito en la Décima Conferencia Ministerial, celebrada en Nairobi. En 2016, la OMC recibió 22 notificaciones de ACR, frente a 16 en 2015. Las notificaciones concernían a 11 ACR nuevos. Las regiones de Asia y el Pacífico y de las Américas fueron las que presentaron el mayor número de notificaciones: 5 cada una. La OMC presentó una nueva publicación sobre los ACR y su relación con las normas de la Organización.
Introducción
Durante las últimas décadas, Internet ha afectado a todos los aspectos de nuestras vidas, desde las interacciones sociales hasta el ocio y el trabajo, y ha transformado radicalmente nuestras economías, reduciendo el costo de adquirir e intercambiar información. Internet ha impulsado la revolución digital, ha modificado fundamentalmente la forma en que nos comunicamos, consumimos, producimos y comerciamos y ha tenido profundas repercusiones en el comercio internacional, en términos de qué se comercia, cómo se comercia y quiénes comercian.
Commerce, dette et finances
Le Directeur général Roberto Azevêdo a insisté sur la nécessité de combler les déficits persistants de financement du commerce pour les petites entreprises des pays en développement et il a rencontré les responsables d’institutions partenaires pour discuter de la manière d’aborder ce problème. Une nouvelle publication de l’OMC examine les moyens de combler ces déficits. Le Groupe d’experts sur le financement du commerce a continué d’évaluer les déficits de financement du commerce, en particulier dans les pays les plus pauvres.
Relations with non-governmental organizations
In 2011, relations with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were further developed through a variety of initiatives. These included the annual WTO Public Forum, which was considerably expanded, the launch of the WTO Youth Ambassador Programme and regular NGO briefings organized by the WTO Secretariat.
Dispute settlement activity in 2015
The WTO’s dispute settlement system experienced its busiest year so far, with an average of 30 active panels per month. During 2015, the WTO received its 500th trade dispute for settlement.