Trade monitoring
Secretaría y presupuesto
La Secretaría de la OMC cuenta con una plantilla de más de 600 funcionarios que coordinan las actividades de la Organización. El presupuesto anual de la OMC se financia en su mayor parte mediante las contribuciones de sus Miembros.
Report by Mongolia
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in Mongolia’s trading partners and the related business contraction of economic entities caused a severe negative impact on the country’s economic growth. The GDP of Mongolia contracted by 9.7% as of the first 6 months of 2020.
Report by Nicaragua
Nicaragua was a Contracting Party of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since 28 May 1950 and has been a Member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 3 September 1995. In that capacity it has honoured its commitment to promote and strengthen the multilateral trading system through regulatory and institutional changes which have had a positive effect on trade flows in the country.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Between fiscal year (FY) 2013/14 and FY 2018/19 Myanmar’s economic growth averaged a robust 7.1% annually. It made progress in reducing poverty and inequality; Myanmar’s per capita GDP grew to over USD 1300. However the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the growth rate which is expected to decline to 1.5% in FY 2019/20. Prudent macro-economic management and the country’s relatively moderate level of economic exposure to the global economy are expected to prevent an economic contraction.
Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC
Este cuarto examen de la política comercial de Nicaragua cubre el periodo 2012-2020. En los últimos años el crecimiento potencial de la economía de Nicaragua aumentó en medio punto porcentual según cálculos del FMI debido a mejoras significativas en infraestructura particularmente transporte telecomunicaciones y suministro de electricidad. Ello coadyuvó a que el PIB real creciera 47% en promedio anual durante 2013- 17. No obstante la economía nicaragüense se ha visto afectada seriamente por la crisis política y social que inició en abril de 2018 relacionada con reformas al sistema de seguro social. El resultado ha sido pérdida de empleos una caída en la confianza de los consumidores y de las empresas que sumado a sanciones financieras internacionales causó caídas en el PIB real de 39% en 2018 y 40% en 2019. Para 2020 y 2021 el FMI estima que el PIB real tendrá tasas de crecimiento del -55% y -05% respectivamente debido fundamentalmente a los efectos de la pandemia COVID-19.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Since its previous Review in 2014 Mongolia has maintained a generally open trade regime and the economy expanded between 2014 and 2019. In 2019 the economy grew by 5.1% with an improvement in the fiscal balance and an increase in both reserves and GDP per capita. However affected by the COVID-19 pandemic exports declined by 40% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2020 and the economy contracted 9.7% in the first half of 2020. Inflation progressed slowly reflecting an increase in food and utilities prices. The unemployment rate has decreased since 2016 and stood at 7.8% in 2018. Exports imports and FDI grew between 2017 and 2019. Mongolia was ranked 92nd overall in the 2019 United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index up from 108th in 2012. In terms of value-added the share of services has declined since 2016 to account for 44.8% of GDP in 2019. The share of mining has increased since 2015 to reach 26.0% of GDP in 2019 and that of manufacturing has increased to 10.5%. The share of services in total employment increased to 53.1% in 2019 while that of agriculture decreased to 25.3%.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Qatar is a hydrocarbon-rich country with a small indigenous population relative to its expatriate community. Some 1.9 million foreign workers constitute approximately 95% of the economically active population. Per capita GDP amounted to USD 62800 in 2019. As stated in Qatar National Vision 2030 Qatar is pursuing economic diversification in the coming decade seeking to build an economy less reliant on petroleum resources and with a larger private sector. Construction of infrastructure for the staging of the FIFA World Cup 2022 was a major economic stimulus but most of these projects were finalized or are about to be completed.
Report by India
The Seventh Trade Policy Review of India is taking place at a time when the world is witnessing an unprecedented health crisis with the contagious COVID-19 hitting economies across the world in rapid succession. Global growth has been severely affected and substantial risks of more severe outcomes remain. In its June 2020 update the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has projected that global output would contract by 4.9% in 2020-21.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Singapore’s economy has long been characterized by solid growth subdued inflation low unemployment ample fiscal and monetary reserves financial stability and openness to international trade and investment. This strong performance has been underpinned by sound macroeconomic policies resulting in a substantial increase in living standards over the past two decades. Today Singapore has one of the highest GDPs per capita in Asia (USD 59819).