Trade monitoring
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Report by the Dominican Republic
One year after its previous Trade Policy Review in 2002, the Dominican Republic suffered one of the most serious economic and financial crises of its history following the bankruptcy of three banks owing to a combination of fraud, excessive loans to related parties, and poor management of public finances. This crisis led to high inflation, a sharp depreciation in the exchange rate, capital flight, a twofold increase in the public debt in the space of a single year, and a slowdown in the country’s economic growth. The Government’s commitment to drawing up and implementing an economic programme aimed at re-establishing fiscal, monetary and financial discipline and to introducing structural reforms in a number of areas contributed to a marked and rapid recovery of the economy and of international reserves, and hence lower inflation and interest rates, a more stable exchange rate, and the recovery and consolidation of economic growth.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Rich in natural resources, Norway has been running a surplus in merchandise trade for more than 20 years. With sizeable exports of crude oil and natural gas, the surplus on the current account exceeded 10% every year during 2007-11. Norway saves a good portion of its oil and gas wealth in the Government Pension Fund – Global, invested entirely in assets abroad. At the end of March 2012, the Fund’s assets were valued at NKr 3.5 trillion (€460 billion). The central government budget has been in surplus every year since 1995.
Report by the United Arab Emirates
Successive developments in the economy of the United Arab Emirates, and the adoption of free market policies and regulations, have led to impressive growth rates and a trend towards sustainable and diversified development.
Trade, debt and finance
In 2011, the Working Group on Trade, Debt and Finance contributed towards addressing some of the structural gaps in the trade finance markets. In particular, the G20 Summit in Seoul requested the WTO to ‘assess and monitor’ the effectiveness of programmes operated by multilateral development banks to facilitate the provision of trade finance to low-income countries. The work undertaken by the WTO in the area of trade finance has benefited from the positive interaction between WTO members and the Expert Group on Trade Finance convened by the Director-General.
Definitions and methodology
Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses.
Rapports de suivi du commerce
Les rapports de suivi du commerce ont révélé que le nombre de mesures restrictives pour le commerce imposées par les Membres de l’OMC a encore augmenté. Compte tenu des incertitudes persistantes dans l’économie mondiale, les rapports ont souligné que les pays devaient faire preuve de modération en imposant de nouvelles mesures et devaient éliminer davantage de mesures existantes.
Information Technology Agreement
On 16 December 2015, at the Tenth Ministerial Conference in Nairobi, participants in negotiations to expand the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) concluded a landmark deal to liberalize trade in an additional 201 high-tech products, whose annual value is estimated at US$ 1.3 trillion, accounting for nearly 10 per cent of world trade in goods. It is the first major tariff-cutting deal at the WTO since 1996.
Portal Integrado de Información Comercial (I-TIP)
El Portal Integrado de Información Comercial (I-TIP) es un punto de acceso único a toda la información sobre medidas de política comercial recopilada por la OMC. El I-TIP, que contiene datos sobre más de 25.000 medidas, abarca actualmente las medidas arancelarias y no arancelarias que afectan al comercio de mercancías, así como información sobre los acuerdos comerciales preferenciales y sobre los compromisos contraídos por los Miembros de la OMC en el marco de la adhesión. En el curso de 2013 este portal se ampliará para abarcar el comercio de servicios y otros ámbitos. El I-TIP se puso a disposición del público por primera vez durante la Jornada de los datos sobre el comercio, que tuvo lugar en la OMC el 16 de enero de 2013.
¿Cómo prepararse para la transformación del comercio asociada a la tecnología?
En la presente sección examinamos cómo puede la cooperación comercial internacional ayudar a los Gobiernos de todo el mundo a aprovechar las tecnologías digitales y las nuevas oportunidades comerciales que estas generarán tanto para las empresas grandes como para las pequeñas. En la sección D.1 se resumen las principales oportunidades y retos asociados a la expansión del comercio electrónico. En la sección D.2 se ofrecen ejemplos de políticas que aplican los Gobiernos para explotar esas oportunidades y abordar esos retos. Por último, en la sección D.3 se analiza en qué medida (y de qué manera) puede la cooperación internacional ayudar a los Gobiernos a explotar los beneficios derivados del comercio electrónico y a afrontar los retos, sin renunciar al logro de sus objetivos de política pública actuales y futuros.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
With the exception of Côte d’Ivoire, which is a developing country, the seven other member States of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo, are all least developed countries (LDCs). The eight member States as a whole have a GDP of around €97 billion. Depending on the member State, the informal sector accounts from between one to two thirds of real GDP. The total population, numbering 119 million in 2017, is spread over an immense region of 3.5 million km2, a large part of it desert, and is growing at an average rate of 3.1% annually.