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Examens des politiques commerciales
En 2014, l’Organe d’examen des politiques commerciales (OEPC) a examiné les politiques et les pratiques commerciales de 21 Membres au cours de 13 réunions. À la fin de 2014, il avait effectué, au total, 405 examens concernant 149 des Membres de l’OMC.
WTO Essay Award for Young Economists
The WTO Essay Award for Young Economists was shared in 2014 by Jonathan Dingel from the United States and Claudia Steinwender from Austria. Dingel’s paper dealt with why higher-income countries export higher-quality goods while Steinwender focused on the impact of the better transmission of market and price information on market efficiency and trade.
Understanding the WTO
There are a number of ways of looking at the World Trade Organization. It is an organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It is a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. It helps developing countries build their trade capacity. Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other.
The economics and political economy of international trade cooperation
The rise and decline of free trade in the 19th century and the attendant economic and political consequences of these trends have always intrigued historians and economists. In the difficult times following World War I, when international trade relations had to be rebuilt, the free trade episode among European countries in the second half of the 19th century was perceived as a golden age. During that latter period, widespread economic development, driven by industrialization and technological change, went together with trade expansion supported by a network of bilateral trade treaties. This network started with the Anglo-French (Cobden-Chevalier) treaty of 1860 and triggered a series of other treaties among European countries. Bilaterally agreed reciprocal tariff reductions, together with the application of the unconditional mostfavoured-nation (MFN) clause contained in the treaties, led to historically low tariff levels, in particular for agricultural products. This period of largely unfettered trade across Europe lasted for nearly two decades up to 1879, faltering gradually thereafter and collapsing with World War I.
Cooperation with academic institutions
In 2012, cooperation with academic institutions focused on three main activities: The mid-term review of the WTO Chairs Programme (WCP), the annual meeting of the stakeholders of the WCP and the sponsoring of projects by universities not covered by the WCP. Fifty-four activities were carried out in support of academic institutions from developing and least-developed countries, including lectures, sponsoring of academic projects, regional and national seminars, attendance at academic conferences, study visits to the WTO and the donation of WTO publications to universities.
Budget, finances et administration
En 2010, le Comité du budget, des finances et de l'administration a révisé le budget pour la période biennale 2010–2011 et a examiné les questions relatives au projet de construction, à la diversité du personnel et aux plans de paiements pour les Membres ayant des arriérés de contributions importants.
Trade negotiations and discussions
Changes to the rules of trade require the agreement of WTO members, who must reach a decision through negotiations.
Foreword by the WTO Director-General
Imagine if a government proposed that its poor citizens pay more than its rich citizens for food, clothing and other essentials. Such a proposal would be met with universal outrage. But the fact is that poor countries are in effect paying nearly twice as much as rich countries to bring goods to their markets.
Actividades de investigación económica
En 2011, la División de Estudios Económicos y Estadística de la OMC organizó 61 actividades, muchas de ellas en colaboración con otras instituciones. Cabe mencionar la presentación del Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2011, la presentación de una publicación conjunta con la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) y una serie de seminarios celebrados en el marco del programa de talleres sobre comercio y desarrollo de Ginebra.
Understanding the WTO
There are a number of ways of looking at the World Trade Organization. It is an organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It is a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other.
Acknowledgements
Preparation of the Handbook was a collective endeavour by the WTO Intellectual Property, Government Procurement and Competition Division, drawing on years of practical feedback from technical assistance and training programmes prepared and delivered by the Division, in particular the material prepared for the first version of the TRIPS module of WTO eTraining. The former director of the Division, Mr Adrian Otten, substantively reviewed and enhanced earlier versions of this material.
Dispute settlement activity in 2020
WTO members bring disputes to the WTO if they think their rights under trade agreements are being infringed. Settling disputes is the responsibility of the Dispute Settlement Body.
Relations avec les organisations non gouvernementales
En 2009, les relations avec les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) se sont encore développées grâce à diverses activités, comme le Forum public annuel de l'OMC, les séances d'information régulières organisées à l'intention des ONG par le Secrétariat de l'OMC, les activités des ONG durant la septième Conférence ministérielle et la poursuite du projet pilote de 2008 accordant aux ONG locales un accès permanent au bâtiment de l'OMC.
Fomento de la cooperación internacional
En 2009 la OMC siguió cooperando con diversas organizaciones intergubernamentales, como las Naciones Unidas, la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos, el Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Banco Mundial.
Renforcementdes capacités commerciales
Le renforcement des capacités commerciales des pays en développement au moyen d’initiatives telles que l’Aide pour le commerce a été l’un des principaux thèmes de discussion du Comité du commerce et du développement en 2008. Pendant l’année, l’Aide pour le commerce a été axée sur trois priorités bien définies : l’amélioration du suivi, l’accélération de l’exécution des projets et l’appropriation accrue de l’initiative par les pays en développement. Au total 496 activités de formation ont été organisées à l’intention des fonctionnaires nationaux.