A propos de l’OMC
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Fomento de la cooperación internacional
En 2010, año en que las Naciones Unidas celebraron su Cumbre sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, la OMC intensificó su cooperación con varias organizaciones intergubernamentales, como las Naciones Unidas, la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y el Banco Mundial. La OMC siguió cooperando con la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCT AD) y la OCDE, publicando informes conjuntos sobre la evolución del comercio y la inversión en los países del G-20.
Fonds pour l'application des normes et le développement du commerce
Les contributions au Fonds pour l'application des normes et le développement du commerce (FANDC) se sont élevées à 5,9 millions de dollars EU en 2011, contre 4,3 millions de dollars EU en 2010. Le FANDC s'est concentré sur la sensibilisation, la mobilisation de ressources et le renforcement de la collaboration sur l'identification et la diffusion des bonnes pratiques et sur le soutien et le financement de l'élaboration et de l'exécution de projets encourageant la conformité avec les prescriptions sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS) internationales. Il a adopté une nouvelle stratégie à moyen terme (2012-2016) et il a commencé à élaborer un nouvel outil pour aider les pays en développement à hiérarchiser leurs besoins en matière de renforcement des capacités SPS et à améliorer la prise de décisions.
Overview
The year 2002 has been a very active one for the World Trade Organization. Intensive and substantial negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda, launched in November 2001, began in earnest. The WTO Secretariat has been supporting these negotiations, alongside its regular work in undertaking trade policies reviews, dispute settlement activities, accessions, and outreach to parliamentarians and civil society. The Secretariat has taken on a much more central role in providing technical assistance and capacity-building activities to its Members and ensuring policy coherence with other international agencies. Preparations also got underway for the WTO’s Fifth Ministerial Conference which will be held in Cancún, Mexico in September 2003.
Aid for Trade
The Second Global Review of Aid for Trade, which was held on 6 and 7 July 2009, highlighted substantial and measurable progress in implementing the Aid for Trade initiative. Since its inception, the initiative has succeeded in raising awareness of the needs of developing countries, in particular least-developed countries (LDCs), and the support they require to benefit from trade expansion and reduce poverty. Using the increasing resources provided by donors, the Aid for Trade programme has focused more recently on effective implementation of projects, especially at the regional level. The worsening global economic outlook during 2009 further increased the relevance of the Aid for T rade initiative for developing countries.
Statistics activities
The Statistics Group continued to be the principal supplier of WTO trade statistics and information on market access. The WTO’s Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP), which includes tariff and non-tariff measures, was further improved in 2014. I-TIP now covers trade in services and benefits from analysis produced jointly with the World Bank. In 2014, the WTO also cooperated with, among others, UNCTAD on market access and trade statistics, with OECD on trade in value-added terms and with the UN regional commissions. As a key contributor to the UN manual on trade in services, the WTO participated in several regional capacity-building initiatives.
Concluding remarks
Reading this book has been like enjoying a long, amiable lunch with good friends and new acquaintances. Such is the sense of familiarity and comradeship one has when reading this collection, which is surely unique in the literature on the WTO in bringing together in one place the reflections and opinions of so many eminent staff members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the WTO as well as Appellate Body members, both past and present. The chapters in this book are united by two features or characteristics: on the one hand, a relaxed, reflective tone that allows the individual voice of each contributor to shine through; on the other hand, a serious and sometimes probing examination of the changing role of law and lawyers in the multilateral trading system, and the place of the ‘rule of law’ in the ‘pragmatic’ GATT and the WTO. Despite these convergences, the personal nature of many of the book’s chapters makes it somewhat difficult, and indeed undesirable, to find any single conclusion or ‘takeaway’ point. Having appreciated the various perspectives contained in this book, which might be compared to a symphony that is united by a series of themes and motifs, I would do the contributors an injustice were I to try to classify them under one overall message.
Fondo para la Aplicación de Normas y el Fomento del Comercio
En 2014 el Fondo para la Aplicación de Normas y el Fomento del Comercio (STDF) llevó a cabo investigaciones en varios países en desarrollo, a partir de las cuales se formularon recomendaciones para mejorar la coordinación entre organismos sanitarios y fitosanitarios y otros organismos en las fronteras, así como para facilitar un comercio seguro. Además, contribuyó a elaborar y poner en práctica numerosos proyectos destinados a promover el cumplimiento de las normas internacionales en materia de inocuidad de los alimentos, salud de los animales y preservación de los vegetales y facilitar el acceso a los mercados. A lo largo del año, se aplicaron varias recomendaciones orientadas a fortalecer su funcionamiento.
Accord sur les marchés publics
Le 3 décembre 2013, les Ministres des parties à l’Accord sur les marchés publics de l’OMC (AMP), réunis à Bali à l’occasion de la neuvième Conférence ministérielle, se sont félicités des progrès accomplis en vue de l’entrée en vigueur de l’AMP révisé. Après avoir été ratifié par dix parties, l’Accord est finalement entré en vigueur le 6 avril 2014.
Evolución del comercio mundial
El mejor comportamiento del producto económico mundial en 1999 puso término a la desaceleración del comercio mundial que se registró durante el primer semestre de 1999, invirtiendo la tendencia y dando lugar a una dinámica expansión del comercio en el segundo semestre. Durante el conjunto del año, el crecimiento real del comercio mundial se mantuvo sin cambios con respecto al año anterior y fue inferior a la expansión media del comercio registrada durante todo el decenio de 1990. Aunque el crecimiento del comercio siguió siendo superior al de la producción mundial de productos básicos y al del PIB mundial, el margen de diferencia entre las tasas de crecimiento siguió siendo más estrecho en 1999 que los márgenes registrados en el período 1990-1997.
Algunos hitos históricos
La OMC nació el 1º de enero de 1995 y sucedió al Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT), que había regulado el comercio mundial desde 1948. En los últimos 20 años, la OMC ha contribuido de manera notable al fortalecimiento y la estabilidad de la economía mundial, ayudando a impulsar el crecimiento del comercio, resolver numerosas diferencias comerciales y respaldar la integración de los países en desarrollo en el sistema de comercio.
Economic research workshops and conferences
In 2010 the WTO’s Economic Research and Statistics Division organized over 60 events, many in collaboration with other institutions. They included a conference on the implications of climate policies for the WTO, workshops on timber markets and preferential trade agreements, a dialogue on the economic and development implications of the Doha Round, and a series of seminars in the Geneva Trade and Development Workshop programme.
Exámenes de las políticas comerciales
En 2011, el Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales llevó a cabo 14 exámenes, correspondientes a los Miembros siguientes: Australia, Camboya, Canadá, Ecuador, Guinea, India, Jamaica, Japón, Mauritania, Nigeria, Paraguay, Tailandia, Unión Europea y Zimbabwe.
Introduction
The WTO Agreement on Agriculture entered into force when the World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being on 1 January 1995. Its main objective is to reform agricultural trade so that it is closer to competitive market conditions — but also to serve other objectives.
Le commerce mondial en 1997 et au premier semestre de 1998
En dépit des turbulences sur les marchés mondiaux de capitaux, l’économie et le commerce mondial ont connu une expansion remarquable en 1997. La croissance aussi bien du PIB que des échanges a été plus élevée que pendant n’importe quelle autre année de la décennie. L’écart grandissant entre la croissance du commerce et celle de la production et la nouvelle progression de l’investissement étranger direct (IED) en 1997 sont le signe que les marchés nationaux ont continué à s’intégrer dans l’économie mondiale. Mais une intégration accrue signifie inévitablement que les troubles qui surviennent dans un pays ou dans une région peuvent avoir des répercussions ailleurs – un fait dont le monde a pris une conscience aiguë au cours des derniers mois, lorsque les crises financières et le ralentissement de la croissance en Asie ont commencé à retentir sur la situation économique dans d’autres régions. Ces événements soulignent la nécessité d’adopter des politiques prudentes et bien conduites, s’appuyant sur une coopération internationale appropriée. Parmi les facteurs qui sont importants pour réduire la contagion et éviter que l’économie mondiale ne soit entraînée dans une spirale descendante, il faut maintenir des marchés ouverts pour les échanges, rétablir la stabilité financière et mettre en place des cadres réglementaires appropriés dans le secteur financier.
The WTO’s tenth anniversary
The year 2005 marked the Tenth Anniversary of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was built on the multilateral trading system created under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which dated back to 1947.
Disclaimer
In the interest of accuracy, this publication uses the historical names of GATT contracting parties as they were used at the time of each dispute, e.g. Ceylon, Czechoslovakia, Hong Kong, the Federal Republic of Germany, Yugoslavia or the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Likewise, this publication makes reference to EEC-6, EEC-9, EEC-10 or EEC-12 to reflect different stages of enlargement of the European Economic Communities. It also refers to individual EEC member States (e.g. France, Italy, etc.) for cases when these countries acted in their own capacity.
Trade in services
In 2013, the Council for Trade in Services continued to focus on services-related issues in electronic commerce. It also debated the operationalization of the services waiver for least-developed countries (LDCs) and recent developments in services trade and regulation. Transparency was a further issue that figured prominently on the agenda, with WTO members discussing how compliance with the notification provisions might be improved. The inclusion of services in the Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP) database will provide a further aid to transparency.

