About the WTO
Filter :
Language
Publication date
Content type
Evolución del comercio mundial
El mejor comportamiento del producto económico mundial en 1999 puso término a la desaceleración del comercio mundial que se registró durante el primer semestre de 1999, invirtiendo la tendencia y dando lugar a una dinámica expansión del comercio en el segundo semestre. Durante el conjunto del año, el crecimiento real del comercio mundial se mantuvo sin cambios con respecto al año anterior y fue inferior a la expansión media del comercio registrada durante todo el decenio de 1990. Aunque el crecimiento del comercio siguió siendo superior al de la producción mundial de productos básicos y al del PIB mundial, el margen de diferencia entre las tasas de crecimiento siguió siendo más estrecho en 1999 que los márgenes registrados en el período 1990-1997.
Algunos hitos históricos
La OMC nació el 1º de enero de 1995 y sucedió al Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT), que había regulado el comercio mundial desde 1948. En los últimos 20 años, la OMC ha contribuido de manera notable al fortalecimiento y la estabilidad de la economía mundial, ayudando a impulsar el crecimiento del comercio, resolver numerosas diferencias comerciales y respaldar la integración de los países en desarrollo en el sistema de comercio.
Economic research workshops and conferences
In 2010 the WTO’s Economic Research and Statistics Division organized over 60 events, many in collaboration with other institutions. They included a conference on the implications of climate policies for the WTO, workshops on timber markets and preferential trade agreements, a dialogue on the economic and development implications of the Doha Round, and a series of seminars in the Geneva Trade and Development Workshop programme.
Exámenes de las políticas comerciales
En 2011, el Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales llevó a cabo 14 exámenes, correspondientes a los Miembros siguientes: Australia, Camboya, Canadá, Ecuador, Guinea, India, Jamaica, Japón, Mauritania, Nigeria, Paraguay, Tailandia, Unión Europea y Zimbabwe.
Introduction
The WTO Agreement on Agriculture entered into force when the World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being on 1 January 1995. Its main objective is to reform agricultural trade so that it is closer to competitive market conditions — but also to serve other objectives.
Le commerce mondial en 1997 et au premier semestre de 1998
En dépit des turbulences sur les marchés mondiaux de capitaux, l’économie et le commerce mondial ont connu une expansion remarquable en 1997. La croissance aussi bien du PIB que des échanges a été plus élevée que pendant n’importe quelle autre année de la décennie. L’écart grandissant entre la croissance du commerce et celle de la production et la nouvelle progression de l’investissement étranger direct (IED) en 1997 sont le signe que les marchés nationaux ont continué à s’intégrer dans l’économie mondiale. Mais une intégration accrue signifie inévitablement que les troubles qui surviennent dans un pays ou dans une région peuvent avoir des répercussions ailleurs – un fait dont le monde a pris une conscience aiguë au cours des derniers mois, lorsque les crises financières et le ralentissement de la croissance en Asie ont commencé à retentir sur la situation économique dans d’autres régions. Ces événements soulignent la nécessité d’adopter des politiques prudentes et bien conduites, s’appuyant sur une coopération internationale appropriée. Parmi les facteurs qui sont importants pour réduire la contagion et éviter que l’économie mondiale ne soit entraînée dans une spirale descendante, il faut maintenir des marchés ouverts pour les échanges, rétablir la stabilité financière et mettre en place des cadres réglementaires appropriés dans le secteur financier.
The WTO’s tenth anniversary
The year 2005 marked the Tenth Anniversary of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO was built on the multilateral trading system created under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which dated back to 1947.
Disclaimer
In the interest of accuracy, this publication uses the historical names of GATT contracting parties as they were used at the time of each dispute, e.g. Ceylon, Czechoslovakia, Hong Kong, the Federal Republic of Germany, Yugoslavia or the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Likewise, this publication makes reference to EEC-6, EEC-9, EEC-10 or EEC-12 to reflect different stages of enlargement of the European Economic Communities. It also refers to individual EEC member States (e.g. France, Italy, etc.) for cases when these countries acted in their own capacity.
Trade in services
In 2013, the Council for Trade in Services continued to focus on services-related issues in electronic commerce. It also debated the operationalization of the services waiver for least-developed countries (LDCs) and recent developments in services trade and regulation. Transparency was a further issue that figured prominently on the agenda, with WTO members discussing how compliance with the notification provisions might be improved. The inclusion of services in the Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP) database will provide a further aid to transparency.
Renforcement de la coopération internationale
En 2009, l'OMC a poursuivi sa coopération avec diverses organisations intergouvernementales telles que les Nations Unies, l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, le Fonds monétaire international et la Banque mondiale.
Cooperación con otras organizaciones internacionales
En 2015, la OMC cooperó con diversas organizaciones intergubernamentales. Con la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD), firmó una declaración destinada a fortalecer su colaboración. Con el Banco Mundial, coeditó un informe sobre la función del comercio en la eliminación de la pobreza, y, conjuntamente con la UNCTAD y la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), siguió publicando informes sobre las medidas del G-20 en materia de comercio e inversión. El Director General, Roberto Azevêdo, viajó a Nueva York para asistir a la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, en la que se adoptaron los nuevos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
World trade developments
Global output and trade growth decelerated sharply in 1998 as imports of Japan and East Asia fell for the first time since 1974 (first oil crisis). All regions and all broad product categories were affected by the slowdown. The share of the developing countries in world trade dipped for the first time in more than a decade. Nearly two thirds of the world’s economies recorded a decrease in their export earnings, which was the worst performance observed in the 1990’s. Preliminary indicators point to an arrest of the slowdown of world trade in the first months of 1999 and an acceleration of growth in the second quarter.
Trade in goods
In 2016, the Council for Trade in Goods addressed many trade concerns, including ten new ones, reflecting its growing role as a forum for airing concerns about measures, policies and practices considered potentially discriminatory or trade restricting. China and Pakistan presented a proposal for advancing the WTO work programme on e-commerce. The Council also considered several waiver requests.
Budget, finances et administration
En 2009, le Comité du budget, des finances et de l'administration a recommandé l'approbation du budget proposé pour la période biennale 2010–2011 et a examiné des questions relatives à la rénovation du bâtiment du siège de l'OMC et à la construction d'un nouvel édifice attenant.
Trade monitoring reports
Four comprehensive reports were presented by the Director-General on global trade developments, in January, April, July and November 2009. These were discussed at various meetings of the Trade Policy Review Body (TPR B). The reports showed that, despite the depth of the crisis and rising unemployment, WTO members had, by and large, resisted domestic protectionist pressures and kept markets open. Nor was there any significant instance of trade retaliation. Nevertheless, there were aspects of countries’ stimulus packages that threatened to distort trade, notably ‘buy national’ policies attached to some public spending programmes and the substantial help given by some governments to the banking and auto industries.
Beyond Doha: Reflections on the future of trade remedies
We just commemorated the 100th anniversary of the first national anti-dumping law. For much of that history, anti-dumping laws and other trade remedies remained obscure and relative unimportant features of trade policy. That situation began to change in the 1980s. Over the past 25 years, however, trade remedies have grown in importance. As other forms of trade restrictions have been reduced or eliminated, trade remedies have taken their place.
Standards and Trade Development Facility
The Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF) continued to help developing countries improve their capacity to implement sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards and to access wider markets. It supported the preparation and implementation of numerous new projects aimed at promoting compliance with international standards and facilitating market access. It also produced a user guide on how to prioritize SPS investments and published a series of case studies highlighting the results of recent projects.