Trade monitoring
Report by Guinea
The Republic of Guinea is situated in the south-west of West Africa between latitudes 7° 05 and 12° 51 north, and longitudes 7° 30 and 15° 10 west, half way between the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. It is bounded by Liberia and Sierra Leone to the south, Côte d’Ivoire to the east, and by Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Mali to the north.
Activités de recherche économique
En 2012, la Division de la recherche économique et des statistiques a organisé 56 activités, souvent en collaboration avec d’autres institutions. Parmi ces activités, on peut citer le lancement du Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2012, un séminaire sur les taux de change et le commerce, la Conférence annuelle du Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), une copublication avec la CNUCED et une série de séminaires organisés dans le cadre du programme d’ateliers sur le commerce et le développement à Genève.
Foreword by the Director-General
This year’s World Trade Report explores the role of trade in a world characterized over the last several decades by increasing dependence among nations. This inter-dependency – what we all call globalization today – is a multi-layered and complex phenomenon involving intensive political, social and economic interaction nationally and internationally. Few would contest the benefits that globalization has brought in terms of greater prosperity for hundreds of millions, as well as greater stability among nations. But many individuals in different societies across the world have shared little or not at all in the benefits of globalization. The challenges facing national governments in managing globalization are formidable, and success in spreading prosperity more widely requires a strong common purpose.
Accueil des nouveaux Membres
En 2012, le Conseil général a approuvé les accords d’accession de la République démocratique populaire lao (Laos) et du Tadjikistan. Ces deux pays sont devenus officiellement Membres au début de 2013, après avoir notifié à l’OMC la ratification des accords par leur parlement. Les accords contiennent des engagements couvrant toutes les règles de l’OMC.
Executive Summary
This twenty-fourth WTO Trade Monitoring Report on G20 trade measures, covering the period between mid-May and mid-October 2020, was prepared against the dramatic backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and the human, social and economic problems left in its wake. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, G20 economies have implemented several trade and trade-related policies specifically to cope with the crisis. This Report seeks to shed light on these policy developments in addition to regular trade measures monitored for the review period.
Report by Nigeria
Since the last trade policy review in 2011, there have been significant changes in Nigeria’s economic and trade policies and in the political environment also. The country recorded a successful transition from one civilian government administration to another through a peaceful democratic election. The economy was re-based in 2013, following which the country emerged as the number one economy in Africa. In 2014, commodity prices collapsed, ending the commodity super-cycle. With a 60% drop in revenue, the economy entered a recession in 2016. Overall, although there are challenges, the foundations for structural transformation of the economy have been set with the “Economic Recovery and Growth Plan” (ERGP), a medium-term plan for the period 2017 to 2020. This ERGP was launched by President Buhari on 5 April 2017.
Comprendre l'OMC
Il y a plusieurs manières de considérer l'Organisation mondiale du commerce. C'est une organisation qui s'occupe de l'ouverture commerciale. C'est une enceinte où les gouvernements négocient des accords commerciaux. C'est un lieu où ils règlent leurs différends commerciaux. C'est une organisation qui administre un ensemble de règles commerciales. L'OMC est essentiellement un lieu où les gouvernements Membres tentent de régler les problèmes commerciaux qui les opposent.
Trade in services
In 2010 the Council for Trade in Services continued its discussions of specific services sectors and modes of supply, on the basis of background notes produced by the WTO Secretariat. Thirteen such notes were discussed in 2010 and a final two will be addressed in 2011. The council also embarked on its third review of most-favoured-nation (MFN) exemptions. These exemptions from the WTO’s fundamental principle of non-discrimination between trading partners are permitted under the GA TS, subject to certain conditions, but are supposed to be phased out over time.
Algunos objetivos declarados por los gobiernos para la utilización de subvenciones
En esta Sección se examinan los principales objetivos que alegaron los gobiernos para seguir concediendo subvenciones, entre otros, el desarrollo industrial, la innovación y la ayuda a las grandes empresas nacionales, la protección del medio ambiente y la redistribución. En la categoría general de “redistribución” se examinan tres objetivos más específicos: la utilización de subvenciones para fines de política regional, el apoyo a ramas de producción en decadencia para el ajuste y las obligaciones de servicio universal. Esta selección no pretende ser exhaustiva, pero comprende algunos de los objetivos más importantes que tratan de alcanzar los gobiernos de los países en desarrollo y desarrollados.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Trade, debt and finance
Director-General Roberto Azevêdo highlighted the need to address persistent gaps in trade financing for small businesses in developing countries and met heads of partner institutions to discuss how to tackle the problem. A new WTO publication looks at how those gaps might be addressed. The Expert Group on Trade Finance continued to evaluate gaps in trade finance markets, especially in the poorest countries.