Trade monitoring
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Mexican economy experienced a severe downturn starting in mid-2018 followed by a slight contraction in real GDP in 2019 due in particular to a fall in gross capital formation a reduction in public spending and a slowdown in private consumption. In 2020 the economy was badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic which caused GDP to shrink by 8.2% during the year. In 2021 the Mexican economy rebounded with GDP growth of around 4.8% thanks in large part to the measures adopted to deal with the pandemic which were aimed primarily at assisting the hardest-hit families and businesses particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. These measures include the opening of facilities to provide an adequate level of liquidity incentives for the restructuring of bank loans and the implementation of social programmes and business support programmes such as the Financial Support Programme for Family-Run Microenterprises.
Report by WTO Secretariat
Located in the Horn of Africa Djibouti is a least developed country (LDC) and has been classified by the World Bank as a lower-middle-income country. It had a gross national income per capita of USD 5610 in 2020. Its geographical location port infrastructure and political stability make it a major maritime hub and have prompted several countries to establish military bases there. Revenue from the bases and from port activities has fostered the emergence of a modern segment of the economy that coexists with a large informal sector. However the high cost of production factors and the strong presence of public companies continue to hinder the country’s economic development. Given Djibouti’s narrow production base international trade is fundamental for the country which relies almost exclusively on imports to meet its domestic demand for most goods and some services. Thanks to the infrastructure (especially ports) re-exports far outstrip exports.
Report by Djibouti
The Republic of Djibouti is a State in the Horn of Africa located on the Red Sea and bordered to the north by Eritrea to the north-west west and south by Ethiopia and to the south-east by Somalia. The territory is delimited by 370 kilometres of coastline the population is estimated to be 1 million and the country has no natural resources.
Introduction
Le Mécanisme d’examen des politiques commerciales (MEPC) a été établi à titre expérimental par les parties contractantes du GATT en avril 1989. Il est devenu un élément permanent de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce en vertu de l’Accord de Marrakech qui a institué cette organisation en janvier 1995.
Rapport du Secrétariat de l’OMC
Situé dans la corne de l’Afrique Djibouti est un pays moins avancé (PMA) à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche inférieure selon le classement de la Banque Mondiale. Son Revenu national brut par habitant était de 5 610 dollars EU en 2020. Sa situation géographique ses infrastructures portuaires et sa stabilité politique en font un important carrefour maritime et y ont favorisé l’installation de bases militaires par plusieurs pays. Les revenus découlant des bases militaires et des activités portuaires ont favorisé l’émergence d’un segment moderne de l’économie qui cohabite avec un large secteur informel. Cependant les coûts élevés des facteurs de production et la forte présence d’entreprises publiques continuent de retarder le développement économique du pays. Du fait de l’étroitesse de sa base de production le commerce international joue un rôle incontournable pour Djibouti qui recourt presqu’exclusivement aux importations pour satisfaire sa demande nationale de la plupart des biens et certains services. Favorisées par les infrastructures (portuaires surtout) les réexportations dominent largement les exportations.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Report by United States
As we undergo our fifteenth trade policy review the United States affirms that our priorities at the WTO and in the global trading system are more important than ever. We are leveraging our core values of fairness inclusivity growth and sustainability to navigate the myriad complex challenges we find ourselves in today: a pandemic response violent conflict initiated by one WTO Member against another supply chain shortages and environmental concerns.
Report by the Secretariat
The United States has a large economy that is highly integrated with the rest of the world. After a period of stable economic growth in 2018 and 2019 when real GDP expanded by 2.9% and 2.3% respectively the U.S. economy suffered the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Real GDP contracted by 3.4% in 2020 after 11 consecutive years of expansion. The economy experienced a rapid rebound in 2021 aided by the support packages put in place by the Government and by an easing of monetary conditions. This led to a real GDP growth rate of 5.7% in 2021.
Rapport de Djibouti
La République de Djibouti est un état de la Corne de l’Afrique située sur la mer Rouge et bordée au nord par l’Erythrée au nord-ouest à l’ouest et au sud par l’Ethiopie et au sud-est par la Somalie. La superficie du territoire est limitée avec 370 kilomètres de façade maritime la population est estimée à un million d’habitants et le pays ne dispose pas de ressources naturelles.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Informe de la Secretaría de la OMC
La economía mexicana experimentó una fuerte desaceleración a partir de mediados de 2018 seguida de una ligera contracción del PIB real en 2019 debida en particular a la caída de la formación bruta de capital a una reducción del gasto público y a una desaceleración del consumo privado. En 2020 la economía se vio severamente afectada por los efectos negativos de la pandemia de COVID-19 que llevaron a una contracción del PIB del 82% en 2020. En 2021 la economía mexicana repuntó con una expansión del PIB del orden del 48% lo cual refleja en buena parte el efecto de las medidas adoptadas para hacer frente a la pandemia que se orientaron a atender sobre todo a las familias y a las empresas más afectadas particularmente las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Entre estas medidas cabe mencionar la apertura de facilidades para proveer un nivel adecuado de liquidez incentivos para la restructuración de créditos bancarios y la implementación de programas sociales y programas de apoyo a las empresas como el Programa de Apoyo Financiero a Microempresas Familiares.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
Since Brazil’s previous Review in 2017 efforts for improving economic fundamentals and strengthening macroeconomic resilience were undertaken. During the review period and prior to the COVID-19 outbreak Brazil’s annual GDP growth rate rose up to 1.8% (2018) before contracting to 3.9% (2020) due to the pandemic. It has since bounced back to an estimated 4.6% in 2021 as a result of timely adopted support measures booming terms of trade a pickup in commodity prices recovery in domestic and external demand and robust private sector credit growth. Brazil’s annual average GDP growth rate for the period 2017-21 was relatively low at 1% although higher than the average of -0.4% in 2012-16. Developments in the country’s position among the most competitive economies in the world reflect inter alia improvements in the business environment but also weaknesses in several areas where reforms have been under way. Between 2017 and 2020 inflation at rates ranging from 3.2% to 3.7% remained under the upper limit of the tolerance range established by the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB); however since January 2021 it exceeded its upper limit attaining 8.3% that year and rose progressively to 12.13% in April 2022 but easing subsequently to 11.7% in May 2022. Unemployment rose slightly to the historically high rate of 13.5% in 2020 and 2021 inter alia due to the impact of the pandemic.
Qué hacemos
La OMC administra el sistema mundial de normas comerciales y garantiza a los Gobiernos de los Miembros de la OMC importantes derechos comerciales.
Lo que propugnamos
El sistema multilateral de comercio está basado en principios simples y fundamentales. Estos principios han estado en el centro de todas las actividades de la OMC desde su creación en 1995.