Trade monitoring
Filter :
Language
Publication date
Content type
L’économie des subventions
Cette section a pour objet d’aider le lecteur à mieux comprendre deux questions jumelles, à savoir pourquoi les pouvoirs publics ont recours à des subventions et quels sont les effets des subventions sur le commerce international. Comme c’est souvent le cas dans l’analyse économique, le point de départ de ce qui suit est une économie “de référence“ dans laquelle les marchés sont parfaitement compétitifs. Cette approche permet d’obtenir des indications générales sur l’incidence de mesures d’intervention telles que les subventions. Comme on l’explique plus loin, dans un marché parfaitement compétitif, rien ne peut justifier une subvention. Dans le cadre d’un marché parfait, l’introduction d’une subvention ou d’une autre mesure gouvernementale serait inefficace et réduirait le bien-être. Mais si l’on assouplit l’hypothèse du marché parfait, il peut y avoir des cas où une mesure telle qu’une subvention accroît le bien-être. Une subvention efficace peut remédier à une défaillance du marché et équilibrer les coûts et les avantages sociaux et privés.
World maps
The maps in this chapter provide summary information on the membership of the World Trade Organization and trading activity.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are due to the International Monetary Fund, the International Trade Centre, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Statistics Division, the World Bank and the World Intellectual Property Organization. The assistance of all these organizations in supplying statistics as well as other information has greatly facilitated the work of the WTO Secretariat.
La teoría del comercio y los recursos naturales
En la presente sección se examinan las características fundamentales del comercio de recursos naturales desde una perspectiva teórica. ¿Constituye el comercio un mecanismo eficiente para garantizar el acceso a los recursos naturales? ¿Qué efectos tiene el comercio en los recursos finitos o agotables, incluso en condiciones de “acceso libre”, en que los recursos naturales son de propiedad y acceso comunes? ¿Tiene el comercio efectos en el medio ambiente? ¿Agrava el comercio los problemas relacionados con la predominancia de los recursos en determinadas economías o los reduce? ¿Y de qué forma afecta el comercio a la volatilidad de los precios de los recursos? A estas preguntas generales se responde analizando las pertinentes publicaciones teóricas sobre los factores determinantes y los efectos del comercio de recursos naturales.
Cooperación con otras organizaciones internacionales
En 2013, la OMC cooperó con varias organizaciones intergubernamentales, como las Naciones Unidas, la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y el Banco Mundial. La OMC publicó, con la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD) y la OCDE, informes conjuntos sobre la evolución del comercio y la inversión en los países del G-20.
Evolución de las políticas comerciales
En el siguiente capítulo se examina la evolución reciente de las políticas comerciales de los gobiernos. Se basa en las notificaciones presentadas por los Miembros de la OMC, los informes de vigilancia del comercio de la OMC, un panorama general de las tendencias con respecto a las nuevas medidas de política comercial aplicadas por los Miembros de la OMC y sus compromisos en el marco del Acuerdo sobre Facilitación del Comercio, que entró en vigor en febrero de 2017.
Specific notes for selected economies
Beginning with the 2002 report, EU data compiled according to national statistical practices have been replaced, starting 1993, with data compiled by Eurostat in accordance with EU legislation. The concepts and definitions adopted by the EU are in line with the United Nations’ International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2. As a result, the conceptual differences between EU member states’ data have been substantially reduced. Moreover, for the EU as a whole, Eurostat data are more timely than the previous source, thus reducing substantially the amount of estimation included in the EU aggregate.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Comercio y medio ambiente
En 2013, el Comité de Comercio y Medio Ambiente recibió y examinó información sobre la evolución de distintos aspectos de la política ambiental, desde los sistemas de cálculo de la huella ambiental y de etiquetado, con inclusión de la huella de carbono, hasta las iniciativas de política en favor de una economía verde y los acuerdos multilaterales sobre el medio ambiente que contienen disposiciones relacionadas con el comercio. La Secretaría de la OMC publicó las Bases de Datos sobre Medio Ambiente de 2010 y 2011, y actualizó la “Matriz de las medidas relacionadas con el comercio adoptadas en el marco de determinados Acuerdos Multilaterales sobre el Medio Ambiente”.
Concluding remarks by the Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr. Manuel A.J. Teehankee of the Philippines at the Trade Policy Review of Costa Rica, 18 and 20 September 2019.
This fifth Trade Policy Review of Costa Rica has allowed us to deepen our understanding of Costa Rica’s trade and investment regime since its last review in 2013. I would like to thank H.E. Mr. Duayner Salas, Vice Minister of Foreign Trade of Costa Rica, as well as Ambassador Gloria Abraham, and the rest of the Costa Rican delegation, for their active and constructive participation. I would also like to thank Ambassador Mikael Anzén, Permanent Representative of Sweden to the WTO, for his remarks as discussant, which were instrumental in framing our discussions, as well as to the 33 delegations that took the floor during this meeting. Costa Rica has provided comprehensive written responses to almost all of the 350 advance written questions posed by Members.
Trade and development
In 2011, the Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) agreed a number of ways to implement transparency requirements for preferential trade agreements (PTAs), under which three notifications of new PTAs were received. Other issues discussed by the CTD and its Sub-Committee on Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) included capacitybuilding initiatives, market access for LDCs, the Aid for Trade initiative and the WTO’s technical assistance activities.
Introduction
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Concluding Remarks by the Chairperson of The Trade Policy Review Body, H.E. Mr. Eduardo Muñoz Gómez at the Trade Policy Review of the East African Community 21 and 23 November 2012
This second joint Trade Policy Review of the East African Community (EAC) countries has allowed us to situate the five countries’ trade and trade-related policies and practices in their socio-economic context. We are grateful for the active participation of the delegations headed respectively by H.E. Mr. Pierre Claver NDAYIRAGIJE, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Burundi to the WTO; H.E. Dr. Tom MBOYA OKEYO, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Kenya to the WTO; H.E. Mrs. Soline NYIRAHABMANA, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Rwanda to the WTO; H.E. Dr. William A. MGIMWA, Finance Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania; H.E. Mr. Peter KAGIMU KIWANUKA, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Uganda to the WTO. I would also like to thank the discussant, H.E. Mr. Yi Xiaozhun, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of China to the WTO, and Members of the TPRB for contributing to our fruitful exchange of views, as well as the EAC Secretariat for its assistance to its members during this review process.
Public Forum 2016
The 2016 Public Forum – the WTO’s major event for public engagement – focused on how trade can be made more inclusive so that the benefits of trade are spread more widely. Participants looked at how the WTO could help small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gain better access to the global market, and shared ideas on the role of new technologies, digital innovation and e-commerce. The Forum also discussed how women can participate more fully in international trade and better reap the benefits of global trade. The WTO’s World Trade Report and three other publications were launched during the three-day meeting.
Preface
The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.
Secretaría y presupuesto
La Secretaría de la OMC cuenta con una plantilla de 627 funcionarios, que representan a 69 nacionalidades. Las obras de renovación y ampliación comenzaron a mediados de 2008, y se espera que concluyan antes del final de 2012. La OMC obtiene la mayoría de los ingresos para su presupuesto anual, que en 2008 ascendió a FS 189.257.600, de las contribuciones señaladas a sus 153 Miembros.
Appellate Body
Three appeals of panel reports were filed with the Appellate Body in 2009, out of a total of five reports that could have been appealed. One of these appeals related to original panel proceedings. Two appeals related to panel proceedings under Article 21.5 (Surveillance of Implementation of Recommendations and Rulings) of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), involving cases where the parties disagreed whether the panel’s original ruling had been properly implemented.
Doha Development Agenda
At the WTO’s Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001, WTO members agreed to launch a new round of trade negotiations. They also agreed to work on other issues, in particular the implementation of the current WTO agreements. The entire package is called the Doha Development Agenda. The negotiations take place in the Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) and its subsidiaries, which are regular councils and committees meeting in special session or specially created negotiating bodies. The negotiating bodies report to the TNC, which supervises the overall conduct of their work.
World trade developments in 2004 and prospects for 2005
The year 2004 witnessed strong economic growth across most major regions, providing a solid basis for vigorous global trade expansion. Trade and GDP were particularly buoyant in South and Central America and in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), while North America, Asia and to a lesser extent Europe also recorded some acceleration in trade and output growth. A noteworthy feature in 2004 was that the two most populous countries in the world – China and India – recorded outstanding economic growth (9.5 per cent and 7.3 per cent respectively) and trade expansion for the second year in a row.
Relaciones con las organizaciones no gubernamentales
En 2016, las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) recibieron periódicamente información actualizada sobre las actividades de la OMC, incluida información sobre las negociaciones comerciales y otras cuestiones. Intervinieron activamente en el Foro Público, la principal actividad de proyección exterior en la que participan ONG.
Contact with the media
Some 350 journalists attended the Tenth Ministerial Conference, including 12 journalists from least-developed countries (LDCs) whose attendance was supported by the WTO. The WTO held several training activities for journalists, including seminars in Geneva, and WTO press officers participated in a number of national and regional outreach activities. The number of WTO press briefings and press conferences rose to 53, compared with 42 the previous year, reflecting media interest in the WTO’s 20th anniversary and the run-up to the Ministerial Conference in Nairobi.
A brief history
The WTO began life on 1 January 1995, succeeding the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade which had regulated world trade since 1948. Over the past 20 years, the WTO has made a major contribution to the strength and stability of the global economy, helping to boost trade growth, resolve numerous trade disputes and support the integration of developing countries into the trading system.
Trade negotiations: Government Procurement Agreement
On 3 December 2013, ministers of the parties to the WTO’s Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), meeting in Bali during the WTO’s Ninth Ministerial Conference, expressed satisfaction at the progress achieved towards bringing into force the revised GPA. Following ratification by 10 of the parties, the agreement finally came into force on 6 April 2014.
Report by the WTO Secretariat
The Gambia has maintained its generally open trade and investment regime since the last TPR in 2010. The main trade policy reform has been the adoption of the five-band ECOWAS Common External Tariff (CET) from 1 January 2017.
Report by Mozambique
The Government of the Republic of Mozambique is pleased to submit its Third Trade Policy Report to its fellow WTO Members.