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Key Issues in WTO Dispute Settlement
This book examines aspects of the operation of the WTO dispute settlement system during the first ten years of the WTO. It covers a representative cross-section of the issues and situations WTO Members have dealt with under the Dispute Settlement Understanding. The book is unique in that it includes contributions from virtually the entire gamut of actors involved in the day-to-day operation of the WTO dispute settlement system: Member government representatives, private lawyers who litigate on behalf of Member governments in the system, Appellate Body members, Appellate Body Secretariat staff, and WTO Secretariat staff. It also includes contributions from several academics who closely follow and carefully scrutinize all that goes on within the system. It therefore provides fascinating insights into how the system has operated in practice, and how the lessons of the first decade can be applied to make the system even more successful in the years to come.
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La OMC en pocas palabras
En pocas palabras, la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) es la única organización internacional que se ocupa de las normas de alcance mundial que regulan el comercio. Su principal función es velar por que las corrientes comerciales circulen con la mayor fluidez, previsibilidad y libertad posibles.
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La chaîne de blocs peut-elle révolutionner le commerce international ?
Le commerce a toujours été façonné par l’innovation technologique. Ces derniers temps, une nouvelle technologie, la chaîne de blocs, a été accueillie par beaucoup comme le prochain grand facteur de changement. La chaîne de blocs peut-elle révolutionner le commerce international ? Cette publication tente de démythifier le phénomène de la chaîne de blocs en fournissant une explication de base de cette technologie. Elle analyse sa pertinence pour le commerce international en examinant comment elle est actuellement utilisée ou peut être utilisée dans les différents domaines couverts par l’OMC. Ce faisant, elle donne une idée de la mesure dans laquelle cette technologie pourrait affecter le commerce transfrontières des biens et des services et les droits de propriété intellectuelle. Elle examine le potentiel de la chaîne de blocs de réduire les coûts du commerce et d’améliorer la transparence de la chaîne d’approvisionnement, et les possibilités qu’elle offre aux petits producteurs et aux petites entreprises. Enfin, elle passe en revue les divers défis qui doivent être relevés pour que cette technologie puisse être utilisée à grande échelle et ait un impact important sur le commerce international.
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Las mujeres y el comercio
El papel del comercio en la promoción de la igualdad de géneroEl comercio puede mejorar drásticamente la vida de las mujeres mediante la creación de nuevos puestos de trabajo, el aumento de las posibilidades de elección de los consumidores y el fortalecimiento del poder de negociación de las mujeres en la sociedad. También puede dar lugar a pérdidas de empleo y a una concentración del trabajo en ocupaciones de baja cualificación. Habida cuenta de la complejidad y especificidad de la relación entre comercio y género, es esencial evaluar las repercusiones que pueden tener las políticas comerciales tanto en las mujeres como en los hombres y elaborar políticas adecuadas y basadas en datos empíricos para garantizar que el comercio contribuya a crear mejores oportunidades para todos. La investigación sobre la igualdad de género y el comercio se ha visto constreñida por la escasez de datos y por una comprensión deficiente de la relación entre los papeles económicos que desempeñan las mujeres como trabajadoras, consumidoras y responsables de la adopción de decisiones. Basado en nuevos análisis y nuevos datos desglosados por sexo, el estudio titulado Las mujeres y el comercio: el papel del comercio en la promoción de la igualdad de género tiene por objeto avanzar en el conocimiento de la relación entre comercio e igualdad de género y determinar una serie de oportunidades que puede ofrecer el comercio para mejorar la vida de las mujeres.
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Le Règlement des Différends dans le Cadre de l'OMC: Un Différend, une Page
La publication intitulée “Un différend, une page” contient un résumé succinct des principales constatations de tous les rapports des groupes spéciaux et, le cas échéant, des rapports établis ensuite par l'Organe d'appel.
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Les 25 ans de l’OMC: Une rétrospective en photos
« Les 25 ans de l’OMC: une rétrospective en photos» rend compte de certains des moments clés de la vie de l'OMC depuis sa création le 1er janvier 1995. Plus de 150 photos illustrent les travaux menés par l'Organisation au cours du dernier quart de siècle, témoignant de 25 années de défis, de réussites et de persévérance.
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Les accords de l'OMC
L’Accord de Marrakech instituant l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et ses AnnexesLa présente publication contient le texte de l'accord fondateur de l'OMC, l'Accord de Marrakech de 1994 instituant l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), ainsi que ses Annexes, y compris tous les amendements et ajouts depuis son entrée en vigueur jusqu'en septembre 2017. Ceux-ci comprennent notamment un amendement à l'accord de l'OMC sur la propriété intellectuelle (Accord sur les ADPIC) visant à améliorer l'accès des pays en développement aux médicaments, l'Accord de l'OMC sur la facilitation des échanges, entré en vigueur en février 2017, un amendement adopté en 2017 visant à augmenter l'intervalle entre les cycles d'examen par les pairs au titre du Mécanisme d'examen des politiques commerciales à partir de 2019 et l'Accord amendé sur les marchés publics. Cette publication met à jour et remplace Les textes juridiques: Résultats des négociations commerciales multilatérales du Cycle d'Uruguay, publiés pour la première fois en 1994.
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Les femmes et le commerce
Le rôle du commerce dans la promotion de l'égalité hommes-femmesLe commerce peut améliorer considérablement la vie des femmes en créant de nouveaux emplois, en améliorant les choix en matière de consommation et en renforçant le pouvoir de négociation des femmes dans la société. Il peut également donner lieu à des suppressions d’emploi et à une concentration des travailleurs dans des emplois peu qualifiés. Étant donné la complexité et la spécificité de la relation entre le commerce et les questions de genre, il est essentiel d’évaluer l’incidence potentielle de la politique commerciale tant sur les femmes que sur les hommes et de concevoir des politiques adaptées et fondées sur des données probantes pour garantir que le commerce contribue à renforcer les possibilités de tout un chacun. Les travaux de recherche sur l’égalité hommes-femmes et le commerce ont été restreints par des données limitées et un manque de compréhension des liens entre les rôles économiques que les femmes jouent dans le travail, la consommation et la prise de décisions. Sur la base de nouvelles analyses et de données ventilées par sexe, Les femmes et le commerce : Le rôle du commerce dans la promotion de l’égalité hommes-femmes vise à faire mieux comprendre la relation entre le commerce et l’égalité hommes-femmes et à identifier les possibilités que le commerce peut offrir pour améliorer la vie des femmes.
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Los 25 años de la OMC: Una retrospectiva fotográfica
"25 años de la OMC: retrospectiva fotográfica": plasma algunos de los momentos clave en la vida de la OMC desde su creación el 1 de enero de 1995. Más de 150 fotografías exponen la labor de la Organización a lo largo del último cuarto de siglo y capturan 25 años de desafíos, éxitos y perseverancia.
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Los Acuerdos de la OMC
El Acuerdo de Marrakech por el que se establece la Organización Mundial del Comercio y sus AnexosLa presente publicación contiene el texto del acuerdo fundacional de la OMC, el Acuerdo de Marrakech por el que se establece la Organización Mundial del Comercio, de 1994, y sus Anexos, con inclusión de todas las modificaciones y adiciones desde su entrada en vigor hasta septiembre de 2017. Entre ellas se encuentran una enmienda del acuerdo de la OMC sobre propiedad intelectual (Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC), destinada a mejorar el acceso de los países en desarrollo a los medicamentos, el Acuerdo sobre Facilitación del Comercio de la OMC, que entró en vigor en febrero de 2017, además de una enmienda adoptada en 2017 para ampliar los plazos entre los exámenes por homólogos realizados en el marco del Mecanismo de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales a partir de 2019 y el Acuerdo sobre Contratación Pública revisado. La presente publicación actualiza y sustituye a Los Textos Jurídicos: Los Resultados de la Ronda Uruguay de Negociaciones Comerciales Multilaterales, título publicado por primera vez en 1994.
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L’OMC en bref
En bref, l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) est la seule organisation internationale qui s’occupe des règles régissant le commerce entre les pays. Sa principale fonction est de favoriser autant que possible la bonne marche, la prévisibilité et la liberté des échanges.
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Mainstreaming Trade to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals
The WTO is central to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which set targets to be achieved by 2030 in areas such as poverty reduction, health, education and the environment. The SDGs put significant emphasis on the role that trade plays in promoting sustainable development and recognize the contribution that the WTO can make to the 2030 Agenda. By delivering and implementing trade reforms which are pro-growth and pro-development, and by continuing to foster stable, predictable and equitable trading relations across the world, the WTO will play an important role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goals, just as it did with the Millennium Development Goals before them. This report identifies steps which would help to ensure that international trade contributes to accelerating progress in achieving the SDGs
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Making Globalization More Inclusive
Lessons from experience with adjustment policiesPolicies aimed at helping workers adjust to the impact of trade or technological changes can provide a helping hand to the workforce and increase the benefits of open trade and new technologies. This publication contributes to the discussion on how governments can help make international trade more inclusive and ensure that the benefits of open trade are spread more widely.
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Making Globalization Socially Sustainable
Globalization is widely seen as a powerful engine that has the potential to promote growth and development but concerns have been raised about the effects of globalization on jobs and wages. This book, co-published by the International Labour Office and the World Trade Organization, discusses ways of making globalization socially sustainable.
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Making Trade Work for the Environment, Prosperity and Resilience
International trade offers unique opportunities to help tackle mounting environmental challenges while fostering economic and social prosperity. This new co-publication by the World Trade Organization and UN Environment illustrates how trade can support action by governments, companies, innovators and consumers to improve economies and protect the environment at the same time.
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Mettre le commerce au service de l’environnement, de la prospérité et de la résilience
Le commerce international offre des possibilités uniques pour aider à relever des défis environnementaux toujours plus pressants, tout en favorisant la prospérité économique et sociale. Cette nouvelle publication conjointe de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et d’ONU Environnement montre comment le commerce peut soutenir l’action des pouvoirs publics, des entreprises, des innovateurs et des consommateurs en vue de renforcer les économies et de protéger l’environnement.
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Multilateralizing Regionalism
Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have proliferated around the world in the past two decades, and now nearly all members of the WTO are party to at least one. Besides tariffs and rules of origin regulating trade in goods, many RTAs now include provisions on services, investments, technical barriers to trade and competition rules, as well as a host of issues not directly related to trade. The geographic reach of RTAs is expanding, with transcontinental agreements spreading forcefully alongside intra-regional agreements. ‘Multilateralizing Regionalism’ was the title of a major conference held from 10–12 September 2007 at the WTO in Geneva. Brought together in this publication, the conference papers achieve two things. First, they marshall detailed, new empirical work on the nature of the ‘Spaghetti Bowl’ and the problems it poses for the multilateral trade system. Second, they contribute fresh and creative thinking on how to ‘tame the tangle’ of regional trade agreements.
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Opening Markets for International Trade in Services
A unique comparison of how service trade negotiations have evolved on the regional/bilateral level and at the WTO.
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Overview of Developments in the International Trading Environment: Annual Report by the Director-General
This annual report by the Director-General looks at the latest trade policy measures undertaken by WTO members and observers. These includes measures that facilitate as well as restrict the flow of trade. It is one of two trade monitoring reports published each year covering the whole WTO membership. This trade monitoring function is overseen by the WTO's Trade Policy Review Body.
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Perfiles Arancelarios en el Mundo
Los "Perfiles arancelarios en el mundo" ofrecen una información exhaustiva sobre las medidas arancelarias y no arancelarias impuestas por 0 país y territorio aduanero. Se trata de una publicación conjunta de la OMC, el Centro de Comercio Internacional (ITC) y la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD).
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Perfiles Comerciales
La publicación Perfiles Comerciales presenta instantáneas de dos páginas con los indicadores más relevantes del comercio de mercancías, los servicios y la propiedad intelectual correspondientes a más de 200 economías, entre las que se encuentran todos los Miembros de la OMC.
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Poner el comercio al servicio del medio ambiente, la prosperidad y la resiliencia
El comercio internacional ofrece oportunidades únicas para ayudar a hacer frente a los crecientes desafíos ambientales, impulsando a la vez la prosperidad económica y social. Esta nueva publicación conjunta de la Organización Mundial del Comercio y de ONU-Medio Ambiente pone de manifiesto cómo el comercio puede respaldar la acción de los Gobiernos, las empresas, los innovadores y los consumidores para mejorar las economías y proteger el medio ambiente al mismo tiempo.
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Profils Commerciaux
La publication Profils commerciaux présente des aperçus de deux pages des indicateurs les plus pertinents concernant le commerce des marchandises, les services et la propriété intellectuelle pour plus de 200 économies, y compris tous les Membres de l'OMC.
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Profils Tarifaires dans le Monde
Les “Profils tarifaires dans le monde” donnent des renseignements détaillés sur les droits de douane et les mesures non tarifaires appliqués par pays et territoires douaniers. Publication conjointe de l'OMC, du Centre du commerce international (ITC) et de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le développement (CNUCED).
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Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation
Intersections Between Public Health, Intellectual Property and TradePromoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation examines the interplay between public health, trade and intellectual property, and how these policy domains affect medical innovation and access to medical technologies. Co-published by the World Health Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the WTO, the study draws together the three Secretariats respective areas of expertise.
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Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation, 2nd Edition
Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and TradeMedical technologies – medicines, vaccines and medical devices – are essential for public health. Access to essential medicines and the lack of research to address neglected diseases have been a major concern for many years. To promote innovation and to ensure equitable access to all vital medical technologies, policy-makers need a clear understanding of the innovation processes that lead to new technologies and of the ways in which these technologies are disseminated in health systems. This study seeks to reinforce the understanding of the interplay between the distinct policy domains of health, trade and intellectual property, and of how they affect medical innovation and access to medical technologies. This collaborative effort by the World Health Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization draws together the three Secretariats’ respective areas of expertise. The study is intended to inform ongoing technical cooperation activities undertaken by the three organizations and to support policy discussions. It has been prepared to serve the needs of policy-makers, as well as lawmakers, government officials, delegates to international organizations, non-governmental organizations and researchers. The second edition comprehensively reviews the existing material and captures new developments in key areas since the initial launch of the study in 2013. Among the new topics covered by the study are antimicrobial resistance and cuttingedge health technologies. The second edition provides updated data on health, innovation trends in the pharmaceutical sector, and trade and tariffs. It includes an updated overview of access to medical technologies globally and key provisions in free trade agreements, and takes account of developments in IP legislation and jurisprudence.
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Rapport Annuel
"Rapport annuel" de l'Organisation à l'intention de ses Membres et du grand public sur les questions institutionnelles, y compris des descriptions de ses principales activités et des renseignements sur son budget et son personnel.
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Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial
Principale publication de recherche de l'OMC sur la politique commerciale mondiale (thèmes de réflexion, analyses et faits nouveaux).
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Regional Rules on the Global Trading System
The proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) over the past two decades has highlighted the need to look closely at the potential conflicts between regional and WTO rules or disciplines. A major obstacle to advancing understanding of RTAs is the absence of detailed information about their contents. This has limited the debate between those who view RTAs as discriminatory instruments hostage to protectionist interests and those who see them as conducive to multilateral trade opening. This book provides detailed analysis of RTA rules in six key areas - market access, technical barriers to trade, contingent protection, investment, services and competition policy - across dozens of the main RTAs in the world. The analysis helps to provide new insights into the interplay between regional and multilateral trade rules, advances understanding of the economic effects of RTAs and contributes to the discussion on how to deal with the burgeoning number of RTAs.
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Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System
This volume contains a collection of studies examining trade-related issues negotiated in regional trade agreements (RTAs) and how RTAs are related to the WTO's rules. While previous work has focused on subsets of RTAs, these studies are based on what is probably the largest dataset used to date, and highlight key issues that have been negotiated in all RTAs notified to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). New rules within RTAs are compared to rules agreed upon by WTO members. The extent of their divergences and the potential implications for parties to RTAs, as well as for WTO members that are not parties to RTAs, are examined. This volume makes an important contribution to the current debate on the role of the WTO in regulating international trade and how WTO rules relate to new rules being developed by RTAs.
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Report on G20 Trade Measures
This report looks at the latest trade policy measures undertaken by G20 countries. These includes measures that facilitate as well as restrict the flow of trade. The Report is published twice a year. This trade monitoring function is overseen by the WTO's Trade Policy Review Body.
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Report to the TPRB from the Director-General on Trade-Related Developments
This report by the Director-General looks at the latest trade policy measures undertaken by WTO members and observers. These includes measures that facilitate as well as restrict the flow of trade. It is one of two trade monitoring reports published each year covering the whole WTO membership. This trade monitoring function is overseen by the WTO's Trade Policy Review Body.
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Réponses courtes aux grandes questions sur l’OMC et l’environnement
Cette brochure de la Division du commerce et de l’environnement vise à améliorer la compréhension du rôle du commerce et des règles commerciales en ce qui concerne les questions environnementales. Il cherche à répondre, dans des termes faciles à comprendre, à certaines des questions clés du débat sur le commerce et l’environnement en ce qui concerne le système commercial multilatéral.
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Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
10 Key Results from 2020A new booklet launched on 27 July highlights strong engagement from WTO members at all levels of development in transparency and prevention of trade disputes. The information contained in the booklet is based on the 2020 review of members’ implementation of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the “SPS Agreement”).
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Serie de Acuerdos de la OMC
Los Acuerdos de la OMC son el fundamento jurídico del sistema internacional de comercio en el que participan la mayoría de las naciones. Esta serie es una colección de material de referencia de utilidad práctica sobre algunos acuerdos.
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Services Profiles
"Services Profiles" provides key statistics on infrastructure services, i.e. transportation, telecommunications, finance and insurance, for over 150 economies. This series of publications has been integrated into the "Trade Profiles" series since 2016.
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Short Answers to Big Questions on the WTO and the Environment
This booklet by the Trade and Environment Division aims at improving understanding of the role of trade and trade rules with regards to environmental issues. It seeks to answer, in easy-to-understand terms, some of the key questions of the trade and environment debate as they relate to the multilateral trading system.
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Solución de Diferencias en la OMC: Resúmenes de una Página por Caso
Resúmenes de una página por caso ofrece un breve resumen de las principales constataciones contenidas en cada uno de los informes de los grupos especiales publicados y en el informe del Órgano de Apelación posterior, si procede.
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Statistiques du Commerce International
Les “Statistiques du commerce international” présente un aperçu détaillé de l'évolution la plus récente du commerce mondial, donnant des renseignements détaillés sur le commerce des marchandises par produit et sur le Commerce des services commerciaux.
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Status of WTO Legal Instruments
"Status of WTO Legal Instruments" covers the legal instruments drawn up by WTO members in relation to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and the plurilateral trade agreements annexed to that Agreement.
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Strengthening Africa’s Capacity to Trade
Open global trade has had positive effects for African industrialization and development. Keeping markets open and predictable, as well as fostering a more generally favourable business environment, will be critical to spur renewed investment in Africa and support the continent’s economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This report looks at efforts to help African countries build capacity and to take fuller advantage of the benefits that trade brings. It examines various activities and projects the WTO is implementing in the continent, including in the areas of trade facilitation, compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary regulations, and capacity building for trade and production. The report also looks into projects aimed at mainstreaming trade into the national development strategies of African countries. International cooperation, a multilaterally coordinated response to the COVID-19 crisis and a reinvigorated multilateral trading system have the potential to lessen the effects of the pandemic and bolster Africa’s economic growth.
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Supply Chain Perspectives and Issues
A Literature ReviewGlobal value chains (GVCs) have become ubiquitous. The literature that attempts to understand and explain GVCs is vast, multidisciplinary and no less complex than the phenomenon itself. This volume is an ambitious attempt at a fairly comprehensive review of literature on the subject.
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Série des Accords de l'OMC
Les Accords de l'OMC sont le fondement juridique du système commercial international utilisé par la majorité des nations commerçantes du monde. selected Agreements.
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Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO
The procedures and practices to implement the provisions relating to tariff negotiations and renegotiations have evolved considerably since the GATT was established in 1947. The provisions themselves have undergone some changes in the last fifty-four years. Professor Hoda reviews the evolution of these provisions and of the procedures adopted and practices followed by the contracting parties to GATT 1947 and the Members of the WTO. He goes on to offer some conclusions and recommendations. This book will be of particular interest to negotiators including Geneva based delegations, members of government trade ministries, economists, and all academics who specialise in trade policy.
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Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO
Procedures and Practices, 2nd EditionOver the past seven decades, since the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established in 1947, there has been a phenomenal increase in international trade in goods, largely due to sustained efforts by the world’s main trading nations to reduce and eliminate tariff barriers in a multilaterally orchestrated manner. This publication reviews how the procedures and practices relating to tariff negotiations and renegotiations have evolved over this time. In particular, this new edition recounts how negotiations to expand the duty-free coverage of the Information Technology Agreement were concluded and provides an account of tariff renegotiations regarding successive enlargements of the European Union. It also covers tariff negotiations for the accession of a number of new members to the WTO, such as China and Russia. This book will be of particular interest to negotiators, members of government, trade ministries, economists and academics specialized in trade policy.
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Tariff Profiles
The Tariff Profiles provide information on the market access situation of members, observers and other selected economies.
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The First Ten Years of the WTO
This book was commissioned by the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a factual account of the first decade of its existence. It aims to cover the principal activities of the WTO as the successor to GATT and the steps taken to establish a global trading system. Peter Gallagher, the author, is an independent trade analyst and consultant, who records what might be regarded as the WTO's main achievements as well as describing the controversies that have arisen in its first ten years. A useful reference book for policy makers, journalists, members of trade delegations and for everyone who requires a detailed understanding of the workings of the WTO.
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The Future of Trade: The Challenges of Convergence
Report of the Panel on Defining the Future of Trade convened by WTO Director-General Pascal LamyThe Panel on Defining the Future of Trade was established in 2012 to examine and analyse challenges to global trade opening in the 21st century. The Report looks at trade patterns and what it means to open global trade in the 21st century, bearing in mind the role of trade in contributing to sustainable development, growth, jobs and poverty alleviation
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The History and Future of the World Trade Organization
The History and Future of the World Trade Organization is a comprehensive account of the economic, political and legal issues surrounding the creation of the WTO and its evolution. Fully illustrated with colour and black-and-white photos dating back to the early days of trade negotiations, the publication reviews the WTO's achievements as well as the challenges faced by the organization, and identifies the key questions that WTO members need to address in the future.
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The Making of the TRIPS Agreement
Personal Insights from the Uruguay Round NegotiationsA comprehensive account of the establishment of the World Trade Organization, focusing on those who shaped its creation as well as those who have influenced its evolution. The book examines trade negotiations, the WTO’s dispute settlement role, the presence of coalitions and groupings within the WTO, the process of joining the organization and many other topics, including what lies ahead for the organization.
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