Chile

“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member’s major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Chile.

The fifth Trade Policy Review of Chile has allowed us to have a better understanding of Chile’s trade and investment policies since its last Review in 2009 and the challenges that it faces. Our discussion has benefitted from the constructive participation of the Chilean delegation headed by Mr Andrés Rebolledo Director General of International Economic Relations at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and by the valuable comments from the discussant the Permanent Representative of Hong Kong China to the WTO Ms Irene Young. Members appreciated Chile’s response to the more than 320 advance written questions and we look forward to answers to any outstanding questions no later than one month after this meeting

For many developing states which have experienced a substantial decline in their share of world trade and global value added Aid for Trade (AFT) initiatives have become a critical source of support in a context where these countries suffer from both market and government failure. As such the key issue is whether AFT programmes as currently configured are the right policy instrument or set of instruments to address the weak participation of developing countries in global trade and global value chains. In many regards the problem relates to an overdependence on a narrow range of exports (e.g. agricultural and resource-based commodities and low value-added manufacturing goods and services) that are faced with declining terms of trade tariff progressivity and diminishing economic returns (Reinert 2007). One of the key criticisms that has emerged is that the focus of AFT donors and relevant implementing agencies has been heavily weighted on the architecture of trade support programmes and not sufficiently on industrial upgrading and enterprise development (Cirera 2009).

The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.

Le 15 juin 1999 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Chili - Taxes sur les boissons alcooliques”.

On 21 December 2000 and 21 May 2001 respectively the complainants requested consultations with the US concerning the amendment to the Tariff Act of 1930 signed on 28 October 2000 with the title of “Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000” (the “Act”) usually referred to as “the Byrd Amendment”. According to the complainants the Act is inconsistent with the obligations of the United States under several provisions of the GATT the AD Agreement the SCM Agreement and the WTO Agreement. In particular the Act is alleged to be inconsistent with the obligations of the United States under: (i) Article 18.1 of the ADA in conjunction with Article VI:2 of the GATT and Article 1 of the ADA; (ii) Article 32.1 of the SCM Agreement in conjunction with Article VI:3 of the GATT and Articles 4.10 7.9 and 10 of the SCM Agreement; (iii) Article X(3)(a) of the GATT; (iv) Article 5.4 of the ADA and Article 11.4 of the SCM Agreement; (v) Article 8 of the ADA and Article 18 of the SCM Agreement; (vi) Article 5 of the SCM Agreement; and (vii) Article XVI:4 of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO Article 18.4 of the ADA and Article 32.5 of the SCM Agreement.

El 13 de diciembre de 1999 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Chile - Impuestos a las bebidas alcohólicas”.

El 16 de enero de 2003 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Ley de compensaciónpor continuación del dumping o mantenimiento de las subvencionesde 2000”.

El 23 de septiembre de 2002 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Chile - Sistema de bandas de precios y medidas de salvaguardia aplicados a determinados productos agrícolas”.

On 5 October 2000 Argentina requested consultations with Chile concerning: the price band system established by Law 18.525 (as subsequently amended by Law 18.591 and Law 19.546) as well as implementing regulations and complementary and/or amending provisions; and the provisional safeguard measures adopted on 19 November 1999 by Decree No. 339 of the Ministry of Economy and the definitive safeguard measures imposed on 20 January 2000 by Decree No. 9 of the Ministry of Economy on the importation of various products including wheat wheat flour and edible vegetal oils. Argentina considered that these measures raised questions concerning the obligations of Chile under various agreements. According to Argentina the provisions with which the measures relating to the said price band system are inconsistent include but are not limited to the following: Article II of the GATT 1994 and Article 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. According to Argentina the provisions with which the safeguard measures are inconsistent include but are not limited to the following: Articles 2 3 4 5 6 and 12 of the Safeguards Agreement and Article XIX:1(a) of the GATT 1994

On 25 May 2021 the WTO circulated the panel report in the case brought by Australia in “Canada — Measures Governing the Sale of Wine” (DS537).

El 07 de mayo de 2007 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Chile - Sistema de bandas de precios y medidas de salvaguardia aplicados a determinados productos agrícolas - Recurso”.

Le 03 mai 2002 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Chili - Système des fourchettes de prix et mesures de sauvegarde appliquées à certains produits agricoles”.

Le 14 février 2003 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Argentine - Mesure de sauvegarde définitive à l’importation de pêches en conserve”.

On 4 June 1997 and 15 December 1997 the EC requested consultations with Chile in respect of Chile’s Special Sales Tax on spirits which allegedly imposes a higher tax on imported spirits than on Pisco a locally brewed spirit. The EC’s second request (WT/DS110) takes issue with the modification to the law on taxation on alcoholic beverages passed by Chile to address the concerns of the EC in WT/DS87. The EC contended that this differential treatment of imported spirits violates Article III:2 of GATT 1994.

El 25 de mayo la OMC distribuyó el informe del Grupo Especial encargado de examinar el asunto “Canadá — Medidas que rigen la venta de vino” (DS537) planteado por Australia.

Le 05 août 1996 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Communautes Europeennes - Designation commerciale des pectinides (demandes du Perou et du Chili)”.

El 14 de febrero de 2003 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Argentina - Medida de salvaguardia definitiva sobre las importaciones de duraznos en conserva”.

Le 25 mai 2021 l’OMC a distribué le rapport du Groupe spécial chargé d’examiner l’affaire “Canada — Mesures régissant la vente de vin” (DS537) introduite par l’Australie.

On 5 October 2000 Argentina requested consultations with Chile concerning: the price band system established by Law 18.525 (as subsequently amended by Law 18.591 and Law 19.546) as well as implementing regulations and complementary and/or amending provisions; and the provisional safeguard measures adopted on 19 November 1999 by Decree No. 339 of the Ministry of Economy and the definitive safeguard measures imposed on 20 January 2000 by Decree No. 9 of the Ministry of Economy on the importation of various products including wheat wheat flour and edible vegetal oils. Argentina considered that these measures raised questions concerning the obligations of Chile under various agreements. According to Argentina the provisions with which the measures relating to the said price band system are inconsistent include but are not limited to the following: Article II of the GATT 1994 and Article 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. According to Argentina the provisions with which the safeguard measures are inconsistent include but are not limited to the following: Articles 2 3 4 5 6 and 12 of the Safeguards Agreement and Article XIX:1(a) of the GATT 1994