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The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement, which is now being negotiated between 11 states – including Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Viet Nam – is supposed to solve many of the problems that have come from overlapping trade deals in the past decade. It is also supposed to be different – “a highquality, 21st-century” agreement that will set standards for future trade agreements.
Aid for Trade
In 2012, Aid for Trade continued to mobilize resources. Commitments rose in 2010 to USD 45 billion, according to the latest figures, up from some USD 40 billion in 2009. This is 82 per cent more than the 2002-05 baseline period. The Committee on Trade and Development worked on implementing the 2012-13 work programme, with its main theme of “deepening coherence”, and prepared for the Fourth Global Review of Aid for Trade due in 2013, which will centre on global value chains. Four thematic workshops were held.
Foreword by WTO Director-General Roberto Azevêdo
When the World Trade Organization was launched 20 years ago it represented more than a reform of the old GATT system. The WTO was seen as the key pillar of a new kind of global economic order – open, inclusive, cooperative – that was taking shape in the wake of the end of the Cold War. Countries that were largely closed to the world economy for almost half a century were turning to open markets and economic integration. Many developing countries, for decades left behind by the more industrialized, were beginning a rapid economic catch up. New transport, communications, and information technologies were weaving economies more tightly together, reshaping international relations in the process. If the GATT was the product of a divided world, the WTO offered the promise of a more unified one.
L’année en bref
Les travaux de l’OMC ont porté principalement sur la mise en oeuvre des décisions adoptées à la Conférence ministérielle de Bali en 2013 et sur l’avancement des questions restantes du Cycle de Doha. Après un revers en milieu d’année, les Membres de l’OMC ont réussi à remettre les négociations commerciales sur les rails en approuvant, à la fin de l’année, plusieurs décisions importantes concernant la détention de stocks publics à des fins de sécurité alimentaire, la facilitation des échanges et le programme de travail de l’après-Bali.
Ayuda para el Comercio
El segundo Examen Global de la Ayuda para el Comercio, celebrado los días 6 y 7 de julio de 2009, puso de manifiesto los progresos sustanciales y cuantificables realizados en la aplicación de la iniciativa Ayuda para el Comercio. Desde su establecimiento, la iniciativa ha logrado crear conciencia acerca de las necesidades e los países en desarrollo, en particular los países menos adelantados (PM A), y el apoyo que necesitan para beneficiarse de la expansión del comercio y reducir la pobreza. Utilizando los crecientes recursos proporcionados por los donantes, el programa de Ayuda para el Comercio se ha centrado más recientemente en la ejecución efectiva de proyectos, especialmente a nivel regional. El empeoramiento de las perspectivas económicas mundiales durante 2009 hizo que aumentara aún más la importancia de la iniciativa Ayuda para el Comercio para los países en desarrollo.
DSU reform: Resolving underlying balance-of-power issues
Valerie Hughes’ paper provides an excellent account of the first decade of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization (WTO) under the new Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU). On its adoption in 1995, the DSU became the first legally binding codification of dispute settlement procedures developed under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It combined past experience under the customary rules and the 1979 Understanding Regarding Notification, Consultation, Dispute Settlement and Surveillance (BISD 36/210) of the GATT, with truly revolutionary elements, in particular the establishment of a two-tier system, comprising both panels and the new Appellate Body. As Ms Hughes addresses the different stages of the system, from bilateral consultations to implementation of rulings adopted by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), she provides an overview both of past experience and proposals submitted for reform under the current negotiations.
Acknowledgements
This publication has been produced under the WTO Chairs Programme (WCP), a WTO capacity-building programme launched in 2010.
Secretaría de la OMC
La Secretaría de la OMC, que tiene sus oficinas en Ginebra, cuenta con una plantilla de 677 funcionarios incluidos en el presupuesto ordinario, y está encabezada por el Director General Pascal Lamy. La Secretaría no tiene facultades decisorias, ya que son los Miembros los que adoptan todas las decisiones en la OMC.
Commerce des marchandises
Pendant les cinq sessions formelles qu'il a tenues en 2009, le Conseil du commerce des marchandises a progressé dans l'examen des demandes de dérogation présentées par certains Membres ; il a examiné plus avant le rôle qu'il devait jouer éventuellement dans le secteur des textiles et des vêtements après l'expiration de l'Accord sur les textiles et les vêtements et s'est occupé d'autres tâches courantes.
Activités statistiques
Lancé au début de 2013, le Portail intégré d’information commerciale (I-TIP) de l’OMC fournit des données sur le commerce des marchandises et des renseignements sur les accords commerciaux régionaux et les engagements pris dans le cadre de l’accession à l’OMC. Il a ensuite été élargi au commerce des services, avec le concours de la Banque mondiale. L’OMC a renforcé la coopération internationale dans le domaine des statistiques commerciales, en travaillant avec des organisations telles que la CNUCED et l’ITC. L’OCDE et l’OMC ont lancé une base de données conjointe sur le commerce en termes de valeur ajoutée.
Contactos con el público
En 2015, el sitio Web de la OMC recibió algo más de 20 millones de visitas. El sitio se fusionó con el sitio Web para los Miembros de la OMC con el fin de reunir todo el material de la Organización en un solo espacio. La OMC hizo un mayor uso de las redes sociales y su número de seguidores en Twitter casi se duplicó. Cada mes se vieron en el sitio Web de la OMC, en promedio, 356.000 vídeos, cifra que representa un aumento significativo con respecto al año anterior. La OMC recibió a 223 grupos de visitantes, frente a 216 en 2014, y se elaboraron, además, 90 publicaciones, incluidos varios títulos para conmemorar el 20º aniversario de la Organización.
Appellate Body
The Appellate Body had a busy year in 2014, with seven appeals being filed and the Appellate Body issuing reports for five of those appeals. The Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) appointed a seventh member to the Appellate Body, Shree Baboo Chekitan Servansing of Mauritius, for a four-year term.
Agreement on Government Procurement
In 2010 the Committee on Government Procurement concluded negotiations with Armenia and invited it to join the Agreement. Substantial progress was also made regarding China’s accession to the Agreement. At the end of the year, China committed itself to provide a further improved coverage offer to join the Agreement, including coverage of sub-central (i.e. provincial) government entities, in 2011. In addition to these and other accession negotiations, the Committee’s four formal meetings and numerous informal sessions during the year dealt with negotiations to improve the text and coverage of the Agreement, on which progress was also achieved.
Contact with the public
Visitors to the WTO website continue to exceed more than 1.8 million a month. Total page views increased by 14 per cent in 2013, reaching a total of more than 40 million. The WTO attracted an increasing number of followers to its social media pages, such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The WTO received over 40,000 public email enquiries in 2013 and welcomed over 160 visiting groups. Fifty-seven new WTO publications were produced.
Developments in trade policy
Since the last WTO Annual Report, conditions for trade and trade-related policy-making have become considerably more difficult. The effects of the financial and economic crisis affecting emerging markets and of the economic downturn in Japan are far from fully worked through. They are having a serious impact on the pattern of world economic growth, and hence, on trade and on commodity markets (Chapter Two). Although there has been some backtracking in trade liberalization, the multilateral trading system – as seen in the development of trade policies – seemed, in September 1998, to be standing up well to the turbulence in financial and trading markets.
Coopération technique et formation
L’Institut de formation et de coopération technique (IFCT) a renforcé la conception et l’exécution des programmes d’assistance technique de l’OMC, ainsi que certains aspects essentiels de ces programmes. L’OMC a organisé 324 activités d’assistance technique en 2014, ce qui est plus qu’en 2013 (279) mais moins qu’en 2012 (343). Malgré la diminution du nombre total d’activités par rapport à 2012, le nombre de participants bénéficiant d’une assistance technique continue d’augmenter grâce à l’utilisation croissante de l’apprentissage en ligne, l’accent étant mis de plus en plus sur les pays les moins avancés (PMA) et sur l’Afrique.