Suivi du commerce

Since its previous Trade Policy Review in 2013, Brazil’s largely domestic demand-driven economy slowed down and entered a severe recession in 2015-16, triggered by deteriorating terms of trade and exacerbated by a bout of political uncertainty. Annual GDP growth dropped from 3% in 2013 to 0.9% in 2014 and then turned negative in 2015 and 2016 with consumption and gross fixed capital formation following a similar trend. The recession, one of the most severe in Brazil’s history, has been accompanied by a steep rise in inflation (8.7% in 2016) and unemployment (11.3% in 2016) as well as fiscal discipline challenges. While the Brazilian financial system was not significantly impacted by the economic downturn, domestic lending became more cautious and borrower demand decreased.

En 2010, la Division de la recherche économique et des statistiques a organisé plus de 60 activités, souvent en collaboration avec d'autres institutions. Parmi ces activités, on peut citer une conférence sur les conséquences des politiques climatiques pour l'OMC, des ateliers sur les marchés du bois et sur les accords commerciaux préférentiels, un dialogue sur les conséquences du Cycle de Doha en matière d'économie et de développement, et une série de séminaires dans le cadre du programme d'ateliers sur le commerce et le développement à Genève.

The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.

WTO members worked hard to advance trade negotiations ahead of the 11th Ministerial Conference (MC11) held on 10-13 December 2017 in Buenos Aires.

An over-arching conclusion of this report is that regional and multilateral approaches to trade cooperation need not be incompatible, but neither can they be seen simply as substitutes (i.e. arrangements that serve the same purposes or satisfy the same needs). Support for an increasingly outward-looking and inclusive global trading order has been strong in the period since the end of the Second World War, and this growing trend towards openness has manifested itself through unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral approaches.

La presente edición de las Estadísticas del comercio internacional es la última que se publicará en el actual formato. Durante casi 20 años, la publicación ha aspirado a ser un compendio estadístico del comercio de mercancías, el comercio de servicios comerciales y, más recientemente, el comercio en términos de valor añadido de las cadenas de valor mundiales. Con ocasión del 20º aniversario de la OMC, la presente edición examina cómo ha evolucionado el comercio durante los últimos 20 años.

The Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF) undertook research in 2014 in a number of developing countries, which led to recommendations for improving coordination between sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) and other agencies at borders and facilitating safe trade. It also assisted in the development and implementation of numerous projects that promote compliance with international food safety, animal and plant health standards and facilitate market access. Throughout the year, several recommendations to further strengthen the operation of the Facility were implemented.

The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) was first established on a trial basis by the GATT contracting parties in April 1989. The Mechanism became a permanent feature of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Agreement which established the WTO in January 1995.

En 2013, le Groupe de la recherche économique de l’OMC a organisé 34 activités, souvent en collaboration avec d’autres institutions. Parmi ces activités, il y a eu des conférences de politique publique, un deuxième Atelier annuel sur le commerce, organisé conjointement par l’OMC, la Banque mondiale et le Fonds monétaire international, le lancement du Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2013, publication phare de l’OMC, et de deux autres publications, et un certain nombre de séminaires et d’ateliers.

El Director General presentó, en enero, abril, julio y noviembre de 2009, sendos informes amplios sobre la evolución del comercio mundial. El Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales analizó los cuatro informes en varias reuniones. En ellos se indicaba que, pese a la profundidad de la crisis y el aumento del desempleo, los Miembros de la OMC habían resistido, en general, a las presiones proteccionistas internas y mantenido los mercados abiertos. Tampoco había habido ningún caso importante de retorsión comercial. Sin embargo, algunos aspectos de los programas de estímulo de los países amenazaban distorsionar el comercio, especialmente las políticas de fomento de la compra de productos nacionales vinculadas a algunos programas de gasto público y las ayudas sustanciales otorgadas por algunos gobiernos a los sectores de la banca y del automóvil.

The country’s first long-term strategic plan, Vision 2030 Jamaica – National Development Plan (Vision 2030 Jamaica); and the Medium Term Socio-Economic Policy Framework (MTF) 2009-2012 were presented to Parliament in 2009. The MTF identified the intermediate steps towards the realization of Vision 2030 Jamaica. A number of important initiatives were taken to establish an effective monitoring and evaluation system and to sustain an efficient communication programme for the Plan. These included: (a) strategic Consultations with Ministries, Departments and Agencies; (b) Rationalization of existing monitoring and evaluation processes; (c) capacity strengthening in Results Based Management (RBM); and (d) publicity and advocacy for Vision 2030 Jamaica.

The World Trade Report 2009 focuses primarily on certain contingency measures available to WTO members in the import and export of goods. The legal framework for such measures is much less developed in services trade, although this is also discussed.

En 2012, la Conferencia Parlamentaria anual sobre la OMC, organizada por la Unión Interparlamentaria (UIP) y el Parlamento Europeo, se celebró en la OMC. La Secretaría de la OMC siguió distribuyendo su boletín periódico a un número cada vez mayor de parlamentarios. También organizó dos talleres regionales para parlamentarios en cooperación con asociados regionales.

The WTO Secretariat is based in the WTO’s headquarters in Geneva. It has 634 staff on the regular budget and is headed by Director-General Roberto Azevêdo, who began his term of office on 1 September 2013. His deputies – the four Deputy Directors-General – began their terms of office on 1 October. They are Yonov Frederick Agah of Nigeria, Karl Brauner of Germany, David Shark of the United States and Xiaozhun Yi of China.

Ce quatorzième examen des politiques commerciales de l’Union européenne (UE) a permis aux Membres d’examiner de près les politiques économiques, commerciales et d’investissement du plus grand exportateur mondial de marchandises et de services pendant la période allant jusqu’à septembre 2019. Je tiens à remercier Mme Sabine Weyand, Directrice générale de DG Commerce, et M. l’Ambassadeur João Aguiar Machado pour leur engagement franc et actif. Je tiens aussi à exprimer ma gratitude à notre présentateur, M. l’Ambassadeur Alexandre Guido Lopes Parola, pour ses observations et remarques pertinentes, sans oublier les 62 délégations qui ont pris la parole au cours de ces 2 jours de discussion et toutes les délégations pour leur participation.